PERTH 



It has valuable salmon fisheries and 

 large cattle markets are held. 



Said to have been founded by 

 Agricola in A.D. 70, Perth has a 

 wealth of historical memories. A 

 burgh in 1106, it was consti- 

 tuted a royal burgh in 1210, and 

 was the Scottish capital till 1482. 

 Many times besieged, it was taken 

 by Bruce in 1311, and Edward III 

 in 1335. The scene in 1396 of the 

 combat between the Quhele and 

 Chattan clans, described by Scott 

 in The Fair Maid of Perth, and of 

 the murder of James I in 1437, it 

 was captured by Montrose in 1644, 

 and again by Cromwell in 1651. 

 Market day, Fri. Pop. (1921) 33,200. 



3rd earl, and then came the latter's 

 son James (1648-1716), who was 

 made a duke by James II when in 

 exile. He had been lord chancellor 

 of Scotland, but after 1688 he left 

 the country. The three succeeding 

 dukes, for such they were called 

 although the title had no validity, 

 were prominent Jacobites, and 

 members of the family were in the 

 field both in 1715 and 1745. The 

 title became extinct when the 6th 

 duke died in 1760. After 1760 the 

 earldom was claimed by relatives 

 of the 1st duke, but without suc- 

 cess until 1853, when the title was 

 conceded to George Drummond, 

 a descendant of the 1st earl of 



Perth, Australia. 



Plan of the city, showing the jetties on Perth Water and 

 the suburb oi South Perth 



Perth. Capital and city of Wes- 

 tern Australia. It stands on the 

 Swan river, 12 m. from its mouth, 

 and about 1,700 m. from Mel- 

 bourne. The chief buildings are 

 those erected for public purposes 

 Government House, Parliament 

 House, town hall, mint, public 

 library, and others. The city has a 

 museum and art gallery, observa- 

 tory, zoological gardens, and ex- 

 tensive public parks. ' There are 

 cathedrals for both Anglicans and 

 Roman Catholics, and a university, 

 that of W. Australia. It has a 

 service of electric tramways, while 

 near are several racecourses. South 

 Perth is a suburb across the river, 

 here known as Perth Water. Perth 

 was founded in 1829, and made a 

 municipality in 1856. Its growth, 

 however, was due to the discovery 

 of gold in the neighbourhood soon 

 after 1890. Pop. 41,000. 



Perth, EARL OF. Scottish title 

 borne by the family of Drummond 

 since 1605, when James, Lord 

 Drummond, was made earl of 

 Perth. His nephew James was the 



Melfort, a brother of the 1st duke 

 of Perth. The story of the earls of 

 Melfort is very like that of the 

 earls of Perth. They also were 

 Jacobites, received a dukedom 

 from James II, and lost practically 

 all in the Stuart cause. However, 

 abandoning the dukedom, George 

 Drummond was recognized in 1853 

 as earl of Perth and Melfort, and 

 the Drummonds still hold the 

 double title. The Drummond 

 estates passed in the 19th century 

 to the earls of Ancaster. 



Perth Amboy. City of New 

 Jersey, U.S.A., in Middlesex co. 

 A port of entry, it stands at the 

 mouth of Raritan river, on Rari- 

 tan Bay, 16 m. S.S.W. of Newark, 

 and is served by the Lehigh Valley 

 and other rlys. It has a secure and 

 commodious harbour and trades 

 in coal. Manufactured products 

 include chemicals, bricks, terra- 

 cotta, iron, steel, copper, and 

 lumber. Shipbuilding, smelting, 

 and refining are other industries. 

 Perth Amboy, settled in 1683, be- 

 came a city in 1718. Pop. 41,700. 



PERTHSHIRE 



Perthes. Village of France, in 

 the dept. of Marne. . Officially 

 known as Perthes-les-Hurlus, it 

 is 4 m. N.E. of Suippes in the dis- 

 trict known as Champagne Pouil- 

 leuse, and was prominent in the 

 Great War. Fighting took place 

 here in Dec" 1914, between the 

 French and the Germans, when the 

 German trenches were heavily at- 

 tacked by the former. It was cap- 

 tured by the French on Jan. 8, 

 1915, and heavy fighting occurred 

 near it throughout the next few 

 months. Retaken by the Germans 

 in their summer offensive of 1918, 

 it was the scene of heavy fighting 

 on July 15. It was finally re- 

 covered in the battles following 

 the Allied counter-offensive of 

 July 18. See Champagne, Battles 

 of ; Marne, Battles of the. 



Perthes, FRIEDRICH CHRISTOPH 

 (1772-1843). German publisher. 

 Born April 21, 1772, after an ap- 

 prenticeship to the trade he 

 became a bookseller in Hamburg, 

 1796. Mixing in literary and 

 political circles, his strong liberal 

 but anti-French sentiments led 

 him to produce Das Deutsche 

 Museum, 1810-11, a patriotic 

 effort which necessitated his flight 

 from Hamburg to avoid French 

 persecution. In 1821 he settled at 

 Gotha, and founded a publishing 

 business, which rose to be one of 

 the greatest in Germany. He died 

 May 18, 1843. Pron. Pair-tez. 



Perthite. In geology, name 

 given to a variety of red felspar 

 found at Perth, Ontario, Canada. 

 Consisting of laminations of or- 

 thoclase and albite, it is used as a 

 gem stone. See Orthoclase. 



Perthshire. County of Scot- 

 land. Its area is 2,294 sq. m., 

 making it the fourth largest in the 

 country. It belongs partly to the 

 Highlands and partly to the Low- 

 lands, and is pierced by the Firth of 

 Tay. The surface is mountainous. 

 In the N. and W. are the Gram- 

 pians ; a large number of its heights 

 exceed 3,000 ft., among them being 

 Ben Lawers, Ben More, Ben Lui, 

 and Schiehallion. In the S. and E. 

 are the Sidlaw and Ochil Hills. The 

 chief river is the Tay ; among its 

 tributaries are the Almond, Earn, 

 Tummel, and Lyon. The Teith and 

 Allan flow to the Forth. The 

 largest of many lochs are Tay, 

 Ericht, Vennachar, Rannoch, Ka- 

 trine, and Achray. Across the S.E. 

 stretches the valley of Strathmore, 

 and in the E. is the Carse of Cowrie. 

 Beautiful glens Garry, for in- 

 stance abound, and herein are 

 the Trossachs, the pass of Killie- 

 crankie, and other famous spots. 



Perth is the capital and largest 

 town. Other places in the county are 

 Crieff, Blairgowrie, Dunblane, and 



