PERTHUS 



6076 



Perthshire. 



Map o! the Scottish county celebrated for its pictures a ue glens, 

 passes, and lakes 



Auchterarder. Holiday resorts in- 

 clude Pitlochry, Aberfeldy, Com- 

 rie, and Callander. In the county, 

 too, are Abernethy and Blair 

 Atholl. Agriculture is the chief 

 industry, but a large proportion of 

 the land is given up to deer forests 

 and grouse moors. Oats, barley, 

 and wheat are grown ; horses and 

 cattle are reared. A large number 

 of sheep feed on the hills. The 

 county is served by the Cal., N.B., 

 and Highland Rlys. With Kinross- 

 shire two members are returned to 

 Parliament. Perthshire was the 

 headquarters of the kingdom of the 

 Picts. Their capital was in turn 

 Abernethy, Forteviot, and Scone, 

 and Scone long remained the coron- 

 ation place of the Scottish kings. 

 Pop. (1921) 125,515. 



LITERARY ASSOCIATIONS. These 

 are especially notable in con- 

 nexion with Scottish song. Caro- 

 line, Baroness Nairne, author of 

 The Land o' the Leal, Caller Her- 

 rin', and other familiar songs, was 

 born in the Auld House of Gask. 

 Henry Adamson (d. 1639), the 

 friend of Drummond of Hawthorn- 

 den and author of The Muses' 

 Threnodie, was born at Perth. 

 David Mallet, or Malloch (c 1705- 

 65), was born at Crieff ; Dugald 

 Buchanan (1716-68) was born at 

 Ardoch ; and Duncan Maclntyre 

 (1724-1812),although of Argyllshire 

 birth, is said to have found much 

 of his inspiration for his poems in 

 Perthshire. Robert Nicofl (1814- 

 37), poet and prose writer, was 

 born at Little Tulliebeltane, Auch- 

 tergaven ; George Gilfillan at Com- 



rie; and Charles Mackay, author 

 of Cheer, Boys, Cheer, at Perth. 



Bibliography. History of Perth- 

 shire, T. H. Marshall, 1849 ; Perth- 

 shire in Bygone Days, P. R. Drum- 

 mond, 1879 ; Culrose and Tulliallan, 

 or Perthshire-on-Forth, D. Beve- 

 ridge, 1885 ; Notes on the District 

 of Menteith, R. B. Cunninghame- 

 Grahame, 1895 ; The Lake of Men 

 teith, A. F. Hutchison, 1899. 



Perthus OR PORTUS, COL DU. 

 Pass over the E. Pyrenees, on one 

 of the roads leading from Perpig- 



PERU 



nan in France to Figueras in 

 Spain. It is defended on the 

 French side by Fort Bellegarde. 



Pertinaz, PUBLIOS HELVIUS. 

 Roman emperor from Jan. 1 to 

 Mar. 28, A.D. 193. A man of hum- 

 ble birth, born at Alba Pompeia 

 in Liguria, he entered the army. 

 He distinguished himself in the 

 wars with the Parthians and in 

 Britain, and after the murder of 

 Commodus he was invited to 

 become emperor. But the disci- 

 pline which he attempted to re- 

 establish proved so irksome to the 

 spoilt soldiery that he was murdered 

 in less than three months. On his 

 death the empire was sold by 

 auction to Didius. 



Pertinaz. Nom-de-plume of 

 Andre Geraud, French publicist. 

 Born Oct. 18, 1882, he was educated 

 at the university of Bordeaux. 

 From 1908-14 he was London cor- 

 respondent of the Echo de Paris, 

 in which an article by him, signed 

 " Pertinax," appeared daily after 

 1917. During the peace negotia- 

 tions he stood for the maintenance 

 of the alliances created by the war, 

 and assailed the League of Nations 

 as inconsistent therewith. 



Perturbation. Term used in 

 astronomy for the disturbance in 

 the orbits of members of the solar 

 system and comets caused by the 

 attractions which they exert on 

 one another. It was due to un- 

 explained perturbations in the 

 movements of Saturn that Adams 

 and Leverrier were able to predict 

 the existence of the planet Neptune. 



Pertussis. Scientific name for 

 whooping cough (q.v.). 



PERU: THE LAND OF THE 1NCAS 



F. A. Kirkpatrick, Author of South America and the War 



Supplementary to this article the reader is referred to the entnes on 

 the cities and towns, lakes, and rivers of Peru. See Andes ; Chile- 

 Peruvian War ; Cordilleras; South America ; also Inca; Yunca 



Peru (El Peru), a S. American part of the Andine system of S. 



republic bordering the Pacific and 

 lying wholly within the Southern 

 Tropics, forms an 

 irregular oblong 

 stretching about 

 1,200 

 N.W. 



Peru arms 



m. from 

 to S.E. 

 The area is un- 

 certain owing to 

 frontier q u e s- 

 tions pending 

 with Brazil and 



Ecuador. But, excluding the two 

 provinces occupied by Chile since 

 1883 and still claimed by Peru, it 

 may be estimated at about 650,000 

 sq. m. The adjoining republics are 

 Ecuador and Colombia on the N., 

 Brazil on the E., Bolivia on the 

 S.E., and Chile on the S. 



Peru is not in itself a distinct 

 geographical region, but forms 



America, being traversed through- 

 out its whole length by the stu- 

 pendous mountain system of the 

 Cordilleras. The Peruvian part of 

 this gigantic mountain system 

 has a peculiar magnificence of its 

 own, owing to the fact that the 

 Western Cordillera here rears 

 itself precipitously, like a huge 

 irregular wall, broken by many 

 ravines, almost from sea level to a 

 height of 16,000 ft,, even the 

 _ passes be- 



tween the 

 peaks mostly 

 exceeding 

 14,000ft. This 

 W. range 

 forms a con- 

 tinuous bar- 

 rier running 

 parallel to the 



Peru flag ; red, 

 white, and red 



