PETERBOROUGH 



6086 



Peterborough, Northamptonshire, 

 bricks are largely made in the 



are 



neighbourhood. The ancient Me- 

 deshamstede, the home in the 

 meadows, Peterborough grew up 

 around a Benedictine monastery 

 founded in 655, and restored after 

 having been destroyed by the Danes. 

 In 1874 it was made a borough on 

 modern lines, having previously 

 had its -medieval constitution. It 

 was separately represented in 

 Parliament, 1547-1918, and was 

 given markets and fairs. The 

 diocese covers the counties of 

 Northampton, Leicester, and Rut- 

 land, but in 1921 it was proposed 

 to make Leicester a separate see. 

 Market days, Wed. and Sat. Pop. 

 (1921), 35,533. (See Apse.) 



The soke of Peterborough, a 

 district around the city, forms a 

 separate county for administrative 

 purposes. It has an area of 83 sq. 

 m., and a pop. of 46,950. 



Peterborough, formerly called 

 PETERSBTJBG. Town of Dalhousie 

 co., S. Australia. It is near Terowie, 

 the rly. junction of the line from 

 Broken Hill to Port Pirie, and the 

 main line from Adelaide to Perth. 

 Pop. 2,530. 



Peterborough. City of Ontario, 

 Canada. It stands on the river 

 Otonabee, 72 m. from Toronto, is 

 served by the G.T.R. and the 

 incomplete Trent Canal, and has 

 its own electric rly. Its public 

 buildings include a R.C. cathe- 

 dral, and its industries, lumber and 

 flour mills. Pop. 18,360. 



3rd Earl oJ Peter- 

 borough 



West front oJ the cathedral 



Peterborough, CHARLES MOR- 

 DAUNT, 3RD EARL OF (1658-1735). 

 English sailor and soldier. Son of 

 John, Viscount 

 Mordaunt 

 (1627-75), he 

 entered the 

 navy,1675, and 

 took an active 

 part in the 

 establishment 

 of William III 

 on the throne. 

 He was reward- 

 ed with the post 

 of first lord of the treasury, and the 

 earldom of Monmouth, 1689. In 

 connexion with the Fenwick plot he 

 was kept in the Tower for three 

 months, 1697, and in that year 

 inherited the earldom of Peter- 

 borough. In 1705 

 he shared the com- 

 mand of the Span- 

 ish expedition 

 with Sir Cloudes- 

 ley Shovell. His 

 campaign .i E. 

 Spain, unhiding 

 the caj ure of 

 BarcJoaa, though 

 represented by 

 himself as brilli- 

 antly successful, 

 roused much con- 

 troversy. Recalled 

 in 1707, he went 

 to Vienna as 

 ambassador in 

 1710, returning on 



PETERHOUSE 



the accession of George I in 1714, 

 when his official career ended. He 

 died at Lisbon, Oct. 25, 1735. See 

 Peterborough, W. Stebbing, 1906. 

 Peterhead. Mun. burgh and 

 seaport of Aberdeenshire, Scotland. 

 It stands on the N. side of Peter- 

 head Bay, 44 m. from Aberdeen, 

 with a station on the G.N. of S. 

 Rly. The burgh consists of two 

 parts, Peterhead proper and Keith 

 Inch, separated by the harbour, 

 which includes graving docks and a 

 large harbour of refuge, built 1886- 

 1921 by prisoners from the convict- 

 prison near. The main buildings 

 are the town hall and the museum 

 and art gallery. The chief industry 

 is the herring fishery ; another is 

 the polishing of red granite, which is 

 extensively quarried in the neigh- 

 bourhood, and there are some small 

 manufactures. 



Peterhead was long the property 

 of the Keith family. It was founded 

 and made a burgh in 1593 by 

 George, Earl Marischal, and was at 

 one time the headquarters for Scot- 

 land of the Arctic fisheries, and 

 had a considerable trade with the 

 Baltic and Mediterranean ports 

 and America. It is the most east- 

 erlv town of Scotland. - Market 

 day, Fri. Pop. 13,126. 



Peterhof. Town of N.W. Russia. 

 It is in the govt., and 15 m. S.W., 

 of Petrograd, with which it is con- 

 nected by railway, on the S. shore 

 of the Bay of Kronstadt. Founded 

 in 1711 by Peter the Great, it is 

 celebrated for its chateau, formerly 

 a favourite sum- 

 mer residence of 

 the tsars. Pop. 

 16,OOD. 



Peterhouse OR 

 S. PETER'S COL- 

 LEGE. Oldest of 

 the Cambridge 

 colleges. It was 

 founded in 1257 

 by Hugo de 

 Balsham, bishop 

 of Ely, on the lines of Merton Col- 

 lege, Oxford; its charter is dated 



Peterhouse, Cambridge. Main entrance to the college, 



showing the chapel 



mat 



