PETERSHAM 



6088 



PETIT COURONNE 



which line it is a junction. The 

 chief building is the church of S. 

 Petr, partly Norman, and there 



is a town hall. In 



the market place 

 is an equestrian 

 statue of William 

 III. Near is 

 Bedale's school, 

 conducted on co- 

 educational lines. 

 Petersfield was a 

 Petersfleld arms borough with a 

 merchant guild in the 12th century, 

 and later a centre of the cloth in- 

 dustry. From 1553 to 1885 it was 

 separately represented in Parlia- 

 ment, first by two and then by one 

 member. Annual fairs are still held. 

 Market day, Wednesday (alternate). 

 Pop. 3,900. 



Petersham. Par. and village of 

 Surrey, England. Part of the bor. 

 of Richmond, and called in Domes- 

 day Patricesham, Peter's Dwelling, 

 Petersham once belonged to the 

 abbey of S. Peter, Chertsey, and 

 had a fishery of eels and lampreys. 

 Passing to the crown in 1415, the 

 manor was granted, with Ham 

 (q.v. ), in 1672, to John, earl of 

 Lauderdale, and later to the earl of 

 Dysart. The church of S. Peter, 

 founded 1505, but mainly dating 

 from 1790, has some interesting 

 monuments. In the churchyard is 

 the grave of Mary and Agnes 

 Berry, Horace Walpole's " Elder- 

 Berries." The adjoining hamlet of 

 Sudbrook, which gives its name 

 to Sudbrook Park, is mentioned in 

 1266. The grounds are occupied 

 by the Richmond Golf Club. See 

 Richmond. 



Peter Simple. Novel by Fred- 

 erick Marryat, first published in 

 1834. The hero, the fool of the 

 family, is sent to sea, and has many 

 adventures before he unexpectedly 

 succeeds his grandfather as Vis- 

 count Privilege, and marries. Its 

 sea yarns and humour give the 

 book a perennial interest for boys. 

 Peterson, SIR WILLIAM (1856- 

 1921). British educationist. Born 

 in Edinburgh, he was educated 

 there, at Got- 

 t in gen, and 

 Oxford. He 

 was first prin- 

 cipal of Uni- 

 versity Col- 

 lege, Dundee, 

 1882-95, and 

 from 1895- 

 1919 was prin- 

 cipal of McGill 

 University, 

 Montreal. He 



Sir W. Peterson, 



British educationist 



Elliott A Fry 



was made K.C.M.G. in 1915, and 

 died at Hampstead, Jan. 4, 1921. 

 His works include editions of The 

 Cluni MS. of Cicero, 1901, and 

 Cicero's Verrine Orations 1907. 



Petersfleld, Hampshire. Market place and parish church 

 of S. Peter, showing equestrian statue of William III 



Peter's Pence. Tax levied in 

 England by the pope from the 8th 

 or 9th century, and subsequently 

 extended to other countries. It 

 was originally called Rom-feoh or 

 Rome scot, and amounted to a 

 silver penny per hearth. It was 

 withheld by England in 1366 in 

 order to bring pressure to bear on 

 the pope to agree to the statute of 

 praemunire, and was abolished by 

 Henry VIII, 1534, though it has 

 been since revived as a voluntary 

 contribution by Roman Catholics. 



Peter the Great Bay (Victoria 

 Bay). Inlet of the Sea of Japan, on 

 the S. side of the Russian Maritime 

 Province in Eastern Siberia. It 

 is 90 m. wide, extends 50 m. in- 

 land, and contains six bays and 

 several small islands. The chief 

 port is Vladivostok, which is sit- 

 uated on the Muraviev peninsula. 



Petervarad, PETERWARDEIN OR 

 PETROVARADIN. Town of Yugo- 

 slavia, in the Syrmia dist. of 

 Croatia-Slavonia. It stands on the 

 right bank of the Danube opposite 

 Novisad (Neusatz), with which it 

 is connected by two bridges, and is 

 49 m. by rly. from Belgrade and 174 

 m. from Budapest. Pop. 5,000. 



Petiole (Lat. petiolus, stalk or 

 little foot). Stalk of a leaf, con- 

 tinued through the blade as the 

 midrib. A strand of vascular tissue 

 runs through it, by which water 

 from the roots is conducted to the 

 leaf-blade. The upper surface is 

 frequently grooved, and the lower 

 surface may be ridged. In leaves 

 that possess the power of move- 

 ment, independently of wind, the 

 petiole is swollen at its base into a 

 pulvinus or motile organ. This 

 may be seen in the scarlet runner, 

 which lowers its leaves and leaflets 

 at night. The constant wind move- 

 ment of aspen and other poplar 

 leaves is due to the lateral flatten- 

 ing of the petiole. In clematis and 

 tropaeolum the petiole twists round 

 any available support, thus enabling 

 the plant to climb. See Leaf. 



Petion de Vil- 

 leneuve, JEROME 

 (1756-94). French 

 re vol utionary. 

 Born at Chartres, 

 he practised law 

 there and was 

 elected to the 

 states-general, 

 1789. He became 

 president of the 

 Assembly, 1790, 

 and mayor of 

 Paris in Nov., 

 1791. Relieved of 

 the latter post 

 after the Tuileries 

 riot, June, 1792, 

 he was reinstated 

 by the Assembly. 

 He was named president of the 

 national convention, but a quarrel 

 with Robespierre led to his pro- 

 scription. He 



joined the 

 Girondists, 

 and after an 

 unsuccessful 

 attempt at 

 Caen to raise 

 a Norman in- 

 surrection he 

 fled into the 

 Gironde, and J.PetiondeVilleneuve, 

 in June, 1794, French revolutionary 

 his body was Afier J - Gu(rin 

 found near St. Emilion. 



Petit, SIR DINSHAW MANOCKJEE 

 (1823-1901). Parsee philan- 

 thropist. Born June 30, 1823, he 

 entered busi- 

 ness as a lad, 

 and in his ca- 

 p a c i t y of 

 broker and 

 agent 



Sir Dinshaw Petit, 

 Parsee philanthropist 



a c- 



quired a large 

 fortune. In 

 1887 he was 

 appointed to 

 the legislative 

 council. He 

 organized 

 many charities in Bombay, and 

 founded a hospital. Created a 

 baronet in 1890, he died May 5, 1901. 

 Petit, GABRIELLE (d. 1915). 

 Belgian heroine. She was arrested 

 and tried by the Germans in the 

 Great War for assisting Allied 

 soldiers to escape. She was con- 

 demned to death on March 3, 1915, 

 but was not executed until April 1. 

 Regarded by the Belgians as their 

 national heroine, a monument is 

 to be erected to her in Brussels. 



Petit Couronne. Hill of Mace- 

 donia, Greece. It rises S.W. of 

 Lake Doiran, and was prominent 

 in the Great War during the Allied 

 campaign against the Bulgarians 

 in Macedonia. It was finally 

 stormed by Greek troops, Sept. 18, 

 1918. See Doiran-Struma Front. 



