PHEASANT'S EYE 



PHEON 



protecte'd from foxes and poachers. 

 It is polygamous in habit. About 

 a dozen eggs are laid by each hen 

 in April, the nest being placed 

 under a bush, among stubs in 

 coppice, or in the heather. The 

 hen sits well enough if undisturbed, 

 but, in order to make sure, it is the 

 practice of gamekeepers to collect 

 the eggs and set them under do- 

 mestic hens. The chicks are thus 

 practically reared by hand, their 

 food being regularly provided and 

 no inducement given them to stray 

 far from the place of their hatching. 



As with other varieties of game 

 bird shooting, it is now the practice 

 to drive the birds towards the guns 

 by means of beaters, rather than 

 to walk them up over dogs. A few 

 dogs may be usefully employed in 

 picking up wounded birds, but 

 dogs in a big day's pheasant shoot 

 are now seldom in evidence. The 

 birds should be driven away from 

 home. Many varieties of sporting 

 shots may be obtained in pheasant 

 shooting, especially at high-flying 

 birds. The pheasant - shooting 

 season lasts from Oct. 1 to Feb. 1, 

 inclusive. See Argus Pheasant ; 

 Beak ; Birds, colour plate ; consult 

 also A Monograph of the Pheasant, 

 4vols., W. Beebe, 1918. 



Pheasant's Eye OR BIRD'S EYE 

 (Adonis anntia). Annual herb of 

 the natural order Ranunculaceae. 

 A native of Europe (rare in Britain), 

 W. Asia, and N. Africa, it has short, 

 branching stems, with numerous 

 much -divided leaves, the segments 

 reduced to threads. The flowers are 

 nearly globular. The sepals are like 

 petals, but greenish, and the petals 

 crimson with a darker spot at the 

 base, which constitutes the pupil 

 of the eye indicated by the name. 

 The rjame bird's eye is usually 

 associated with the bird's-eye 

 primrose (Primula farinoaa), and 

 pheasant's eye is also applied to 

 the poet's narcissus. See Narcissus. 



Pheidias (c 490-432 B.C.). 

 Sculptor of ancient Greece. Born 

 at Athens, the son of Charmides, 

 he studied in the school at Argos 

 under Ageladas. On his return to 

 Athens he was employed on the 

 famous statue -of Athena Parthe- 

 nos, and, his great gifts being ap- 

 preciated by Pericles, he became 

 superintendent of all the artistic 

 undertakings carried out during 

 the latter's administration. Thus 

 he directed the execution and 

 decoration of the whole group of 

 buildings on the Acropolis. Later he 

 was accused of impiety for having 

 sculptured his own likeness on 

 the shield of Athena Parthenos, 

 and of misappropriation of the 

 treasure entrusted to him, and is 

 said either to have died in prison 

 or to have fled to Elis, where he 



Pheasant. Cock of the common variety 



W. S. Berridge, F.Z.S. 



executed the chryselephantine 

 (q.v.) statue of Zeus for the Eleans. 

 See Acropolis, colour plate. 



Pheidon. King of Argos, who 

 probably flourished towards the 

 end of the 7th century B.C. He was 

 an energetic ruler, who enlarged 

 the boundaries of Argos, reduced 

 Corinth and Aegina to the position 

 of vassals, and seems to have con- 

 templated the subjection of the 

 whole of Peloponnesus. He intro- 

 duced a new standard of weights 

 and measures, and had a mint at 

 Aegina, where silver money, ac- 

 cording to some ancient authori- 

 ties, was first coined. He checked 

 the encroachments of the Dorian 

 oligarchs on the royal prerogatives. 

 He is said to have been killed in 

 battle at Corinth. 



Phelps, SAMUEL (1804^78). 

 British actor. He was born at 

 Devonport, Feb. 13, 1804, and 

 made his first 

 London ap- 

 pearance as 

 Shylock at The 

 Haymarket, 

 Aug. 28, 1837. 

 For the next 

 five years he 

 played with 

 Macready at 

 Covent Garden 

 and Drury 

 Lane. On May 

 27, 1844, he opened Sadler's Wells 

 Theatre with Macbeth, and gave 

 his last performance there, March 

 15, 1862, having produced in the 

 interval no fewer than 31 of 

 Shakespeare's plays and made the 

 theatre a power in the dramatic 

 world. A capable tragedian and 

 comedian, he was seen to best 

 advantage as Sir Pertinax Mac- 

 Sycophant in Macklin's Man of the 

 World. He died Nov. 6, 1878. 

 See Life, W. M. Phelps and J. 

 Forbes-Robertscn, 1886. 



Phenacetin. Colourless crystals, 

 one of the coal-tar derivatives. 

 Sparingly soluble in water, taste- 

 less and odourless, it is frequently 



Samuel Phelps, 

 British actor 



' employed to relieve 

 i headache, neural- 

 gia, migraine, and 

 '; the pains of sciatica 

 ; and locomotor 

 ataxia. 



j Phenacite. In 

 1 mineralogy, name 

 ; given to beryllium 

 orthosilicate. Grey, 

 yellow, to pale red 

 in colour, trans- 

 parent usually 

 though sometimes 

 translucent, the 

 mineral is found in 

 the Urals, Norway, 

 of the game bird France, N. Ameri- 

 ca, etc. It is cut 

 and polished as a gem stone, the 

 colourless varieties resembling dia- 

 monds when cut. The name of the 

 mineral is derived from the Greek 

 phenax, a deceiver, from the fact 

 that the mineral is very similar to 

 quartz in appearance and likely to 

 be mistaken for it. 



Phenazonum OR ANTIPYRIN. 

 White crystalline powder used to 

 relieve pain, headache, neuralgia, 

 sciatica, etc. It is soluble in water, 

 alcohol, and ether. The heart may 

 be injuriously affected by it, and it 

 is now little employed. 



Phenol OR PHENYL ALCOHOL, 

 C 6 H 6 0. Scientific name for car- 

 bolic acid (q.v.). 



Phenolpnthalein. Crystalline 

 substance obtained by heating 

 phenol with phthalic anhydride 

 and sulphuric acid, the product 

 being afterwards purified. It is 

 used under various names as an 

 aperient. In chemical analysis 

 phenolphthalein is employed as an 

 indicator, because with alkalis a 

 distinctive pink colour is obtained. 

 Phenomenalism. Theory which 

 considers that only the pheno- 

 mena directly presented to us, or 

 the ideas that we derive from them, 

 are real. In the one case it is 

 realistic, in the other idealistic. 

 There are no things-in-themselves, 

 behind, and the cause of, the 

 phenomena, which are really what 

 they appear to us to be. See Meta- 

 physics ; Sensationalism. 



Phenomenon (Gr. phainome- 

 non, that which appears). Term in 

 metaphysics, denoting that which 

 appears to the senses, conditioned 

 by space and time, as contrasted 

 with that which is apprehended by 

 the mind. It is not the real thing, 

 but only the thing as it appears to us. 

 The term is also applied to any re- 

 markable person or thing, e.g. an 

 infant phenomenon. 



Pheon. In heraldry, a iarge 

 arrow head, with the inner edge of 

 the barb serrated. It differs from a 

 bird bolt, which is an arrow head 

 with a blunt end. 



