PHERECYDES 



61 O3 



PHILADELPHIA 



Pherecydes (c. 550 B.C.). Greek 

 philosopher, sometimes included 

 among the Seven Wise Men of 

 Greece. He is reckoned the creator 

 of Ionic prose. According to him, 

 Zas (Zeus), Chronos (Time), and 

 Chthonie (Earth) had existed from 

 the beginning, and the world was 

 the result of the working of Zeus 

 and Chronos upon earth. It con- 

 sisted of five elements ether, fire, 

 air, water, and earth. Pherecydes 

 is said to have been the teacher of 

 Pythagoras, and to have first enun- 

 ciated the doctrines of metempsy- 

 chosis and the immortality of the 

 soul. Pron. Pherry-sl-deez. 



Phi Beta Kappa. Oldest col- 

 lege fraternity in the U.S.A. It 

 originated as a secret social club 

 and literary society, Dec. 5, 1776, 

 at William and Mary College, 

 Williamsburg, Virginia. Chapters 

 were established at Yale in 1780, 

 Harvard in 1781, and Dartmouth 

 in 1787. It now includes nearly 100 

 additional chapters with a member- 

 ship of about 28,000. Women 

 were admitted in 

 1875. The society 

 is controlled by a 

 national council, 

 and includes both 

 past and present 

 graduates in arts 

 and science. The 

 badge is in the form 

 of a key inscribed 

 on the obverse with 

 the Greek letters 

 Ph B K (repre- 

 sentingPhilosophia 

 Phi Beta Kappa. siou Kubernetes. 

 Badge of the Philosophy the 

 fraternity guide of life), and a 

 hand pointing to a group of stars ; 

 and on the reverse with the letters 

 S.P. (Societas Philosophiae), the 

 date Dec. 5, 1776, names of owner 

 and college, and date of the 

 owner's graduation. The society 

 issues a quarterly magazine, The 

 Phi Beta Kappa Key. 



Phigalia. City of Arcadia, in 

 ancient Greece, on the borders of 

 Messenia. Frequently mentioned 

 by ancient writers, it is chiefly 

 noted for the famous temple of 

 Apollo Epikourios, at Bassae, in 

 its territory about six miles away. 

 The remains of the temple, which 

 was built by Ictinus, the designer of 

 the Parthenon, and was considered 

 the most beautiful temple in the 

 Peloponnese, are in an excellent 

 state of preservation. The frieze, 

 representing combats of Greeks 

 with Amazons and Centaurs, is 

 now housed in the British Museum. 

 Phigalia is the modern Pavlitza. 



Philabeg OK FILIBEG. Kilt of 

 Scottish Highlanders. The word is 

 derived from the Gaelic feilidh, kilt, 

 beag, small, as distinguished from 



Philadelphia. Plan of the central part of the city, showing the railway com- 

 munications and the principal quays on the Delaware River 



the old form which covered the 

 whole body. See Highlands. 



Philadelphia. Ancient city of 

 Lydia, Asia Minor. Founded by 

 Attalus Philadelphus, king of Per- 

 gamum about 140 B.C., it is now 

 represented by the walled city of 

 Ala-Shehr at the N.E. base of 

 Mt. Tmolus, 80 m. by rly. E. of 

 Smyrna. See Ala-Shehr. 



Philadelphia. City and port of 

 U.S.A. It stands on the right bank 

 of the Delaware river, 96 m. from 

 its mouth, and 

 90 m. by rly. from 

 New York. Built 

 on an almost level 

 plain, it covers 

 nearly 130 sq. m., 

 and is intersected 

 by the Schuylkill 

 river. Philadelphia arms 



Innumerable small homes are a 

 characteristic of Philadelphia. Two 

 and three storeyed houses of red 

 brick, with white marble steps, run 

 for miles along straight, tree-shaded 

 streets.Broad Street bisects the city 

 from N. to S., and where Market 

 Street cuts it at right angles is City 

 Hall Square. The chief wholesale 

 houses occupy Market Street, and 

 justS. of it is Chestnut Street with 

 the best retail stores and the princi- 

 pal newspaper offices. Rittenhouse 

 Square to the S.W. of the city 

 Hall is the aristocratic quarter, 

 although many fine residences have 

 been built in the N. section of 

 Broad Street. 



William Penn, in 1682, founded 

 Philadelphia as a Quaker colony, 

 absorbing a small Swedish settle- 

 ment of 1632. In revolutionarv 



