PHILADELPHIANS 



61 O5 



PHILIP 



days it was the political centre of 

 the young republic. In Indepen- 

 dence Hall the Declaration of In- 

 dependence was signed, and the 

 Continental Congress sat. Here 

 is the Liberty Bell, which an- 

 nounced that the declaration had 

 been adopted. Close by is the 

 old Congress Hall, the first 

 regular home of congress, where 

 Washington pronounced his fare- 

 well address, and a few streets 

 away are Carpenters' Hall, belong- 

 ing to the Carpenters' Guild, where 

 the first steps in the revolution were 

 taken in 1774, and the old house, 

 239, Arch Street, where Betsy Ross 

 made the first American flag. 

 Franklin is buried in the grave- 

 yard of Christ Church, which has 

 colonial as well as revolutionary 

 memories, and the Old Swedes' 

 Church of Gloria Dei occupies the 

 site of a wooden one built in 1646. 

 The Penn Treaty Park, in Beach 

 Street, commemorates the elm 

 under which, in 1682, Penn made 

 his bargain with the Indians. 



The city's intellectual activity 

 has created many noted insti- 

 tutions, among which are the 

 Pennsylvania Academy of Fine 

 Arts, the Library Company, Bar- 

 tram's Botanical Garden, the 

 American Philosophical Society, 

 the Academy of Natural Sciences, 

 and the Pennsylvania Historical 

 Society. 



To-day, Philadelphia is a busy 

 industrial and commercial city. 

 Its City Hall or Public Buildings, 

 an immense white marble structure 

 in the French Renaissance style, 

 covering 4 acres, with a tower 

 537 ft. high, surmounted by a 

 statue of Penn, houses the state 

 law courts as well as the municipal 

 offices. The Masonic Temple, with 

 its 250-ft. tower, is also in City Hall 

 Square. In Chestnut Street are the 

 Free Library and the Post Office 

 with the Federal Building, and the 

 U.S. law courts. Walnut Street 

 contains the Stock Exchange, with 

 a fine semi-circular portico, and 

 the Girard Bank. 



The private art collections of 

 Philadelphia are famous. The 

 public gallery of the Pennsylvania 

 Academy of Fine Arts is in North 

 Broad Street, close to which is the 

 granite and marble building of the 

 U.S. Mint, established here in 1792. 

 Two great railways, the Pennsyl- 

 vania and the Philadelphia and 

 Reading, have their head offices in 

 the city, and Cramp's Shipyards 

 and the Baldwin Locomotive 

 Works are among the most noted 

 industrial establishments of the 

 country. The U.S. Navy has a yard 

 on League Island. The city's 30 m. 

 of river front give it splendid dock 

 facilities. The University of Penn- 



sylvania, with 10,000 students, 

 occupies 60 acres on the W. bank 

 of the Schuylkill, and is famous for 

 its medical, dental, and law schools. 

 Girard College educates 1,500 

 poor male orphans according to the 

 will of Stephen Girard (d. 1831), 

 but admits no clergyman to its 

 grounds, and the Drexel Institute, 

 founded in 1892 by A. J. Drexel, 

 specialises in industrial education. 

 Fairmount Park, Philadelphia's 

 one big park, lies to the N.W. and 

 contains Mount Pleasant, the 

 country home of Benedict Arnold, 

 and some of the buildings of the 

 Centennial Exhibition of 1876. 

 The population of Philadelphia in 

 1920 was 1,823,158, and was re- 

 markable among those of big 

 American cities for its large pro- 

 portion of native-born Americans. 

 See History of Philadelphia, J. T. 

 Scharf and T. Westcott, 1884 ; 

 Memorial History" of the City of 

 Philadelphia, J. H. Young, 1895. 



L. R. Holme 



Philadelphians. Name, mean- 

 ing lovers of the brethren, assumed 

 by a sect founded late in the 17th 

 century by John Pordage, rector 

 of Bradfield, Berkshire, and a lady 

 named Jane Lead. Their object 

 was to put into practice the 

 mysticism of Jacob Boehme, and 

 they taught a form of theosophical 

 pietism, which made contemplation 

 the basis of religious knowledge 

 and life. They seemed to have in- 

 clined to spiritism, and apparitions 

 of good and evil spirits were a 

 prominent feature in their sup- 

 posed experience. See Boehme ; 

 Mysticism. 



Philae. Small island in the 

 Nile near Assuan, celebrated for 

 its exquisite temples. Here are the 

 small unfinished Roman hall collo- 

 quially called " Pharaoh's Bed," 

 and two Ptolemaic structures, the 

 Temple of Hathor and the great 

 Temple of Isis. These buildings 

 are now wholly submerged from 

 November to June in each year 

 owing to the building of the dam 

 at Assuan. See Assuan ; Nile. 



Philately (Gr. pkilein, to love; 

 ateleia, freedom from tax). Collec- 

 tion and study of postage stamps, 

 stamped envelopes, or the like. 

 See Stamp Collecting. 



Philemon (c. 360-262 B.C.). 

 Founder of what is known as the 

 New Greek Comedy. A native of 

 Soli, in Cilicia, or of Syracuse, he 

 spent most of his life in Athens. He 

 was the contemporary and rival of 

 Menander, to whom he was gener- 

 ally preferred by the Athenians. 

 He wrote 97 plays, of which The 

 Ghost, . The Merchant, and The 

 Treasure were adapted by Plautus 

 inhisMostellaria,Mercator, andTri- 

 nummus. See Comedy ; Menander. 



Philemon. Friend and disciple 

 of S. Paul. To him the apostle 

 addressed one of the epistles be- 

 longing to the group known as the 

 epistles of the captivity. In it he 

 is described as a fellow worker. It 

 is concerned with a runaway slave 

 of his, who had become one of 

 S. Paul's converts. The slave, 

 Onesimus, had wronged his master 

 and been unprofitable, and S. Paul 

 sends him back, though he would 

 like to keep him, and pleads for 

 his forgiveness. 



This epistle is of special in- 

 terest in that it touches upon 

 the problem of slavery, but it has 

 been rightly pointed out that it is 

 not an abolitionist pamphlet. 

 Slavery is not forbidden, but is to 

 be regulated by the Christian 

 principle of brotherhood. The 

 epistle is included in the Mura- 

 torian canon and the canon of 

 Marcion. It would seem to have 

 been written in Rome between 

 about A.D. 60 and 62. 



Philemon and Baucis. In 

 Greek legend, the names of a 

 humble and aged couple living in 

 Phrygia, who, when Zeus and 

 Hermes visited the earth in human 

 form and could find no one to give 

 them hospitality, kindly received 

 the two gods. As a reward Zeus 

 changed their cottage into a tem- 

 ple, and ordained that when they 

 died they should die together, so 

 that one should not have the pain 

 of surviving the other. The story 

 is told by Ovid in his Metamor- 

 phoses, bk. 8. Philemon et Baucis is 

 the title of a poem by La Fontaine, 

 and of a three-act comic opera by 

 MM. Carre and Barbier, 1860, for 

 which Gounod wrote the music. 



Philharmonic Society. As- 

 sociation for the encouragement 

 of music, mainly orchestral. The 

 chief and oldest is the Royal Phil- 

 harmonic Society of London, 

 founded in 1813, the full story of 

 which is told in the History of the 

 Philharmonic Society of London, 

 1813-1912, by Myles B. Forster. 

 At its centenary it was granted 

 the right to prefix the word royal 

 to its title. Similar societies have 

 been founded in Liverpool, New 

 York, Brooklyn, and in many 

 other places, under slightly differ- 

 ing names. 



Philip. Masculine Christian 

 name. A Greek word, it means 

 lover of horses. The French form 

 of the name is Philippe and the 

 German Philipp. There is a femi- 

 nine Philippa. 



Philip. One of the apostles. 

 A native of Bethsaida, it was he 

 who estimated the cost of feeding 

 the hungry multitude that had 

 come some distance to hear Christ 

 preaching (John 6). 



