PHILIP 



Philip. One of the seven dea- 

 cons selected by the apostles to 

 relieve them of the work of caring 

 for the poor. He preached for a 

 time in Samaria, and baptized an 

 Ethiopian eunuch of Queen Can- 

 dace's court (Acts 8). 



Philip I (1052-1108). King of 

 France. The eldest son of King 

 Henry I, he was named after 

 Philip of Macedon, from whom his 

 mother, a Russian princess from 

 Kiev, claimed descent. In 1059 

 he was crowned as his father's 

 successor ; in 1060 he became sole 

 king ; and in 1066 his personal 

 rule began. Though hardly as 

 powerful as some of his vassals, he 

 added much to the effective area 

 of his little kingdom in a series of 

 wars with the rulers of Normandy, 

 Anjou, and Flanders, and other 



repudiated her, 1193, marrying 

 Agnes of Meran in 1196. France 

 was therefore laid under an inter- 

 dict in 1200 until Philip took 

 Ingeborg back. Claiming the 

 French possessions of John of 

 England, Philip conquered Nor- 

 mandy, Maine, Anjou, Touraine, 

 and Poitou, 1204-6, and by joining 

 in the crusade against the Albi- 

 genses gained a footing in S. France. 

 Intervening in German affairs, he 

 supported the Flemish communes, 

 with whose aid he won the great 

 victory of Bouvines over the em- 

 peror Otto IV, England, and 

 Flanders, 1214. His position being 

 now assured, he reformed the ad- 

 ministration, and improved the 

 city of Paris. He died July 14, 

 1223. See Philip Augustus, W. H. 

 Hutton. 1896. 



PHILIP 



persecutor of his enemies. See 

 La France sous Philippe le Bel, 

 E. Boutaric, 1861 ; Cambridge 

 Modern History, vol. 1, 1902. 



Philip V (c. 1294-1322). King of 

 France. A younger son of Philip 

 IV, he became king in Nov., 1316. 

 For a few months he had been 

 regent of France, waiting for the 

 birth of a posthumous son to his 

 brother, Louis X, but the child 

 only lived a few days. His rival 

 was Jeanne, a daughter of Louis, 

 but the succession of a woman was 

 disliked and Philip secured the 

 throne. During his short reign he 

 did much for France by way of 

 useful legislation. A man of some 

 culture, he died Jan. 2, 1322. He 

 married, but left no sons, his 

 successor being his brother, Charles 

 IV. Philip is known as the Tall. 



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Philip, kings of France. Left to right : Philip I, 1059-1108 ; Philip II, 1197-1223 ; Philip III, 1270-85 ; 

 Philip IV. 1285-1314 ; Philip V, 1316-22 ; Philip VI, 1328-50 



princes. Licentious and extrava- 

 gant, his sale of ecclesiastical 

 benefices and his bigamy led to 

 his excommunication by Pope 

 Urban II in 1094. He had married 

 Bertha, daughter of Florence, 

 count of Holland, but during her 

 lifetime married Bertrada, wife of 

 Fulk of Anjou. He died July 29, 

 1108, his eldest son succeeding 

 him as Louis VI. See History of 

 the Norman Conquest, E. A. Free- 

 man, 3rd ed. 1887. 



Philip H (1165-1223). King of 

 France, known as Philip Augustus. 

 Born Aug. 22, 1165, eldest son of 

 Louis VII, he was crowned as joint 

 king in 1197, marrying Isabella 

 of Hainault and succeeding his 

 father in the following year. His 

 great work was the consolidation 

 of the French monarchy.' In a war 

 with Flanders, 1184-85, he gained 

 Amiens and the Vermandois, then 

 crushed the revolt of Burgundy, 

 and by supporting the sons of 

 Henry II of England against their 

 father gained Berry, 1189. Ac- 

 companied by Richard I, he joined 

 the Third Crusade, but returned 

 next year, took Peronne from Flan- 

 ders, and in 1193 treacherously 

 invaded Normandy. Richard I 

 obtained the help of Flanders, 

 Champagne, and Brittany, 1198, 

 but his death in 1199 brought the 

 war to an end. 



Meanwhile Philip, whose first 

 wife had died, had married Inge- 

 borg of Denmark, and immediately 



Philip m (1245-85). King of 

 France, called the Bold. The son 

 of Louis IX, he was born April 3, 

 1245, and began to reign in 1270. 

 His personality was colourless and 

 his reign uneventful. He was no 

 great warrior, although, in 1284, 

 he engaged in an unsuccessful 

 struggle against Aragon, and this 

 period was marked by the struggles 

 of the various factions for the 

 mastery. He died Oct. 5, 1285. 

 Twice married, his successor was 

 his son, Philip IV. 



Philip IV (1268-1314). King of 

 France, called Philip the Fair. 

 Son of Philip III and Isabella of 

 Aragon, he was born at Fontaine- 

 bleau, married Johanna of Navarre, 



1284, and succeeded his father, 



1285. In 1293 he ordered Edward 

 I of England to do homage before 

 him, and war broke out with 

 England, 1294-99. Having treated 

 Flanders as a French dependency, 

 he was utterly defeated by the 

 Flemish at Courtrai, 1302. At 

 this time began his great 

 quarrel with the Papacy over the 

 taxation of the clergy, and in 1302 

 he burned the bull of Boniface 

 VIII, whom 'ae arrested, 1303, re- 

 placing him in 1305 by his own 

 nominee Clement V, who resided 

 at Avignon. He suppressed the 

 Knights Templars, 1310-14, and 

 died at Fontainebleau, Nov. 29, 

 1314. Philip was a man of great 

 personal courage, but despotic, 

 cruel, unscrupulous, and a harsh 



Philip VI (1293-1350). King of 

 France, first of the Valois hne. 

 Son of Charles of Valois, brother of 

 Philip IV, he was made regent, 

 1328, and in the same year became 

 king by the Salic law. He defeated 

 the Flemings at Cassel, 1328, and 

 in 1329 received the homage of 

 Edward III of England for Guienne, 1 

 but the long war with England 

 broke out in 1337. Philip suffered 

 his greatest defeats at Crecy, 1346, 

 and Calais, 1347, but by accession 

 and purchase he extended his 

 dominion to Valois, Anjou, Cham- 

 pagne, Brie, and the Dauphine. 

 But his disastrous wars and per- 

 sonal extravagance drained his 

 exchequer, and he resorted to 

 depreciation of the coinage, and to 

 unpopular taxation. He died Aug. 

 22, 1350. 



Philip II (382-336 B.C.). King 

 of Macedonia. The younger son of 

 King Amyntas, he was brought up, 

 not in his native country, but at 

 Thebes (q. v. ) in 

 the brief days 

 of her glory, 

 when Epamin- 

 ondas was the 

 foremost man 

 in th e state. 

 Recalled to 

 Macedon in 364 

 to act as regent 

 for his nephew 



King of Macedonia Am y n t as on 

 the death of 



From a coin, by courtesy . . , . 



of John Murray hlS brother 



