PHILIPPOPOLIS 



PHILISTINES 



Pbilippopolis, Bulgaria. General view of the city, looking across the Maritza to the plains 01 Eastern Rumelia 



Philippopolis, FILIBI, OR PLOV- 

 DIV. City of Bulgaria. Situated on 

 the Maritza, here navigable, it was 

 the capital of the former Turkish 

 province of E. Rumelia, and lies 

 about 100 m. N.W. of Adrianople. 

 On the trunk rly. from Sofia to 

 Constantinople, and with a branch 

 line to Burgas, it is a considerable 

 centre of trade, manufactures silks, 

 woollens, leather, and tobacco, and 

 exports grain, rice, and wine. It is 

 the seat of a Greek archbishop and 

 of Bulgarian and R.C. bishops, and 

 contains some fine churches and 

 mosques. Named after Philip of 

 Macedon, it became in Roman 

 times the chief town of Thrace. In 

 1818 it suffered greatly from an 

 earthquake. Pop. 48,000. 



Philippsbnrg. Town of Baden, 

 Germany. It stands on the Sulz- 

 bach, a tributary of the Rhine, 

 12 m. from Karlsruhe. It began 

 as a village named Udenheim, where 

 the bishops of Spires had a palace. 

 It was fortified, and during the 

 Thirty Years' War a bishop, named 

 Philip, strengthened its fortifica- 

 tions and renamed it after himself. 

 It was taken by the Swedes and 

 then by the French, remaining 

 French at the peace of Westphalia 

 in 1648. In 1679 it was given to 

 the Empire, as it was in 1697, 

 after having been again taken by 

 the French. It was retaken by 

 them in 1735. In 1803 it was 

 made part of Baden. The town has 

 manufactures of tobacco and cigars 

 and a trade in cattle. Pop. 3,000. 



Philippus, MARCUS JULIUS. 

 Roman emperor, A.D. 244-249, 

 often called Philip the Arabian. 

 He was commander of the army 

 which the emperor Gordian III led 

 against the Persians, and incited 

 a mutiny, as a result of which 

 Gordian was murdered, and Philip- 

 pus was proclaimed his successor. 

 He concluded an ignoble peace 

 with the Persians and celebrated 

 with secular games of unprece- 

 dented magnificence the 1000th 

 anniversary of the founding of 

 Rome (April 21, A.D. 248). He was 

 slain at Verona by Decius (q v.). 



Philips, AMBROSE (c. 1675- 

 1749). English poet. He was born 

 in Shropshire and educated at 

 Shrewsbury and 

 S. John's Col- 

 lege.Cambridge. 

 Philips was the 

 author of some 

 indifferent odes, 

 and of a tra- 

 gedy, The Dis- 

 tressed Mother, 

 which had some 

 Ambrose Philips, success. He was 

 English poet f r i en dly with 



From aprinlof 1782 AddisOQ and 



Steele, but incurred the enmity of 

 Pope, who satirises his poems in 

 The Dunciad. He died in London, 

 June 18, 1749. The word namby- 

 pamby was coined from his name 

 by Henry Carey (q.v.). 



Philips, FRANCIS CHARLES ( 1849- 

 1921 ). British barrister and author. 

 Born at Brighton, Feb. 3, 1849, the 

 son of a clergyman, and educated 

 at Brighton College and the 

 R.M.C., Sandhurst, he served in 

 the 2nd Queen's Royals, 1868-71. 

 Resigning his commission, he en- 

 gaged in theatrical management, 

 under the name of Francis Fairlie. 

 He read for the law and was called 

 to the bar, at the Middle Temple, 

 in 1884. His first novel, As in a 

 Looking-Glass, 1885, was im- 

 mediately successful as a novel and 

 as a play. It was translated into 

 French, German, Spanish, and 

 Italian. In addition to a score or 

 so of other novels, As in a Looking- 

 Glass was followed by a number of 

 comedies, farcical and otherwise, 

 some written in collaboration, short 

 stories, and a volume of remini- 

 scences, My Varied Life, 1914. He 

 died April 21, 1921. 



Philips. JOHN (1676-1709). 

 English poet. He was born at 

 Bampton, Oxfordshire, Dec. 30, 

 1676, and educated at Winchester 

 and Christ Church, Oxford. His 

 best known work is The Splendid 

 Shilling, a mock-heroic poem which 

 parodies the style of Paradise 

 Lost. He died Feb. 15, 1709. See 

 Lives of the Poets, S. Johnson, 1854. 



Philipstown. Market town of 

 King's co., Ireland. It stands on 

 the Grand Canal, 10 m. from 

 Portarlington. Its early name was 

 Dingan, the present one having 

 been given in honour of Philip II 

 of Spain. It was made a corporate 

 town in the 16th century and sent 

 two members to the Irish House of 

 Commons until the union of 1800. 

 Pop. 660. 



Philistia (Heb. Peleshelh). 

 O.T. name for the land of the 

 Philistines (Ps. Ix, 8; Ixxxvii, 4; 

 cviii, 9). Elsewhere it is rendered 

 Palestine (q.v. ), and it does not 

 occur in either LXX or Vulgate. 

 The land embraced under this 

 name included the coast plain S.W. 

 of Palestine, from Joppa N. to the 

 valley of Gerar S., and from the 

 Mediterranean in the W. to the foot 

 of the Judean hills. 



Philistines. Ancient people 

 living along the coast of Palestine. 

 They appear to have come 

 originally from Crete and the 

 Anatolian coast, and established 

 themselves in five cities in 

 Palestine Gaza, Ashkelon, and 

 Ashdod on the coast, and Gath 

 and Ekron inland. For a long 

 period down to the reign of Saul 

 they were the dominant race in 

 Canaan. They were intermittently 

 at war with the Hebrews, and 

 were greatly reduced in power by 

 David, but they retained their 

 independence till their subjugation 

 was begun by Tiglath-pileser, 734 

 B.C., and completed by Senna- 

 cherib, 701 B.C. 



Modern research, by elucidating 

 their racial relationships and 

 culture, has demolished the fig- 

 ment of their artistic insensibility. 

 The main evidences are the 

 Phaestus disk (q.v.), the temple- 

 carvings of Rameses III at 

 Medinet Habu (1200 B.C.), and the 

 Gezer and Bethsheoiesh excava- 

 tions. They dominated the neolithic 

 inhabitants by their knowledge of 

 metals and their early monopoly 

 of iron. The longest Philistine 

 skeleton from Gezer is 6 ft. 3 ins. 

 Their social organization was 



