PHILISTUS 



based on a confederacy of chief- 

 tains (seren) of early Aryan type 

 (Judges 16). Their non-Semitic 

 speech lingered at Ashdod down to 

 Nehemiah (445 B.C.). (See Archae- 

 ology ; Dagon ; Palestine ; consult 

 also The Philistines, R. A. S. Mac- 

 alister, 1913.) In the sense of a 

 narrow-minded, uncultured person, 

 the term Philistine became current 

 in English through its adoption 

 from the German by Matthew 

 Arnold/'' Philister is a slang term 

 used by German students for any 

 person not a student. 



Philistus (c. 435-356 B.C.). 

 Greek historian. He was born at 

 Syracuse, and was a close friend of 

 Dionysius the Elder until 386, 

 when he was banished for having 

 secretly married the tyrant's niece. 

 He spent the next twenty years in 

 exile, and during that time wrote a 

 history of Sicily, which is men- 

 tioned with warm approval by 

 Cicero. On the accession of 

 Dionysius the Younger in 366, 

 Philistus returned to Syracuse, and 

 at the capture of the city by 

 Dion, 356, he went to Italy to 

 raise a force, rejoined Dionysius, 

 and was killed in a naval battle. 



Phillimore, SIR ROBERT JOSEPH 

 (1810-85). British judge. Born at 

 Whitehall, Nov 5, 1810, educated 

 at Westminster 

 and Christ 

 Church, Ox- 

 ford, and 

 called to the 

 bar at the 

 Middle Temple, 

 1841, he ob- 

 tained a con- 

 siderable prac- 

 Sir Robert Philli- tice. He entered 

 more, British judge Par i iame nt in 

 1852 for Tavistock, and soon ac- 

 quired a reputation as an authority 

 on ecclesiastical and international 

 law. He was made Q.C. in 1858 

 and a knight in 1862. In 1867 he 

 was appointed judge of the high 

 court of admiralty, where he deliv- 

 ered many important judgements. 

 He wrote commentaries on Inter- 

 national Law, 4 vols., 1854-61, 

 since revised several times. Created 

 a baronet, 1881, he died Feb. 4, 1885. 

 Phillimore, WALTER GEORGE 

 FRANK PHILLIMORE, IST BARON 

 (b. 1845). British lawyer. Born in 

 London. Nov. 

 21, 1845, he 

 was the son of 

 Sir R.J. Philli- 

 more, Bart. 

 Educated at 

 Westminster 

 School and 

 Christ Church, 

 Oxford, he was 

 made a fellow 

 of All Souls 



John Phillip, 

 British painter 



1st Baron Phillimore, 

 British lawyer 



and became a barrister. In 1897 he 

 was made a judge, and from 1913- 

 16 was a lord justice of appeal. He 

 was created a peer in 1918. An 

 authority on ecclesiastical law, 

 Phillimore revised J. J. Blunt's 

 Book of Church Law. From 1905-8 

 he was president of the Interna- 

 tional Law Association. 



Phillip, JOHN (1817-67). Brit- 

 ish painter. Born at Aberdeen, 

 April 19, 1817, he came to London 

 in 1836, and 

 studied at the 

 Academy 

 schools. Until 

 1851 he painted 

 Scottish genre 

 in the Wilkie 

 manner, but in 

 that year he 

 made the first 

 of his visits to 

 Spain, after 

 which his colour became more bril- 

 liant and his technique more in- 

 dividual. He was elected A.R.A. 

 in 1857, R.A. in 1858, and died 

 Feb. 27, 1867. 



Phillip Island. Islet of Vic- 

 toria, Australia. With an area of 

 14 m. by 6 m., it lies off the entrance 

 to Western Port Bay. Cowes, the 

 chief place, is on the N. coast. 



Phillips, SIR CLAUDE (1848- 

 1924). British art critic. He 

 became a barrister of the Inner 

 Temple, contributed articles on art 

 subjects to the leading reviews, and 

 acted for many years as critic to 

 The Daily Telegraph. As keeper 

 of the Wallace Collection, 1887- 

 1911, he was responsible for many 

 improvements in that gallery, 

 and he published monographs on 

 Joshua Reynolds, 1894; Frederick 

 Walker, 1894 ; and Watteau, 1895 ; 

 also The Later Work of Titian, 

 1898. He died Aug. 9, 1924. 



Phillips, JOHN SERLE RAG LAND 

 (1850-1919). British journalist. 

 Born at Pendleton, near Man- 

 chester, and 

 educated at 

 Owens College, 

 he became 

 editor of The 

 Kendal Mer- 

 cury in 1878. 

 After experi- 

 ence in Wor- 

 cester, Belfast, 

 York, and 

 Newcastle, he 

 was a leader-writer on The Scots- 

 man, 1887-89 ; editor of The Man- 

 chester Examiner, 1889-91 ; assis- 

 tant editor of The Yorkshire Post, 

 1891-1903; and editor, 1903- 

 1919. A vigorous writer on litera- 

 ture, drama, art, economics, and 

 politics, he was a prominent figure 

 in the public life of Leeds. He 

 died at Leeds, Nov. 4, 1919. He 



J. S. R. Phillips, 

 British journalist 



Sir Lionel Phillips, 

 British financier 



PHILLIPS 



wrote on Journalism in the 19th 

 Century for the Cambridge History 

 of English Literature, 1915. 



Phillips, SIR LIONEL (b. 1855). 

 British financier. Born in London, 

 Aug. 6, 1855, the son of a mer- 

 chant, he settled 

 in S. Africa, 

 where he be- 

 came a leader 

 of the g o 1 d- 

 mining industry 

 hi the Trans- 

 vaal, and also a 

 prominent 

 figure in the 

 Uitlander a g i- 

 tation. He took 

 part in the 



Jameson Raid (q.v.) of 1896, and 

 was sentenced to death, the sen- 

 tence being commuted to a fine of 

 25,000. As a financier he was well 

 known as having been a member of 

 Wernher, Beit & Co. He was five 

 times president of the Transvaal 

 Chamber of Mines, and hi 1910 was 

 elected a member of the legislative 

 assembly of S. Africa. In 1912 he 

 was made a baronet. 



Phillips, SIR PERCIVAL (b.1877). 

 British war correspondent. Born 

 July 2, 1877, he was educated 

 at Pittsburg, Penn., U.S.A., and 

 engaged in American journalism, 

 1895-1901. He served as war cor- 

 respondent in the Greco-Turkish 

 War, 1897, Spanish- American War, 

 1898, Russo-Japanese War, 1904, 

 in the Balkans, 1909 and 1912-13, 

 and in Tripoli, 1911. He acted as 

 correspondent with the Belgian 

 army from the outbreak of the 

 Great War until after the fall of 

 Antwerp, and in 1915 was one of 

 the correspondents to the British 

 Expeditionary Force, representing 

 The Daily Express and The Morn- 

 ing Post until 1918. He attended 

 the peace conference and accom- 

 panied the prince of Wales to 

 Canada, 1919. He was made K.B.E. 

 in 1920. 



Phillips, STEPHEN (1866-1915). 

 British poet. Son of Dr. Stephen 

 Phillips, precentor of Peterborough 

 Cathedral, he was born July 28, 

 1866, and educated at Stratford 

 and Peterborough grammar schools. 

 He went on the 

 stage and 

 played many 

 parts in Sir 

 Frank Benson's 

 company. He 

 afterwards be- 

 came an army 

 tutor. 



The appear- 





of poems, 



Marpessa, 1890, brought him ex- 



ceptional popularity. He wrote 



