PHILLIPS 



apparently for declamation and had 

 no ear for lyrical measures, but his 

 imaginative language and warm 

 colouring took his readers by 

 storm. Later that very experience 

 in stagecraft, which limited his 

 rhythms, inspired the daring origi- 

 nality of Paolo and Franceaca, 

 1899, a drama in verse, the produc- 

 tion of which by Sir Herbert Tree 

 three years later secured the poet's 

 triumph. If Herod, 1900, Ulysses, 

 1902, and Nero, 1906, glitter with 

 too much tinsel, there was a 

 genuine poetical beauty in the first 

 of his poetical plays. He afterwards 

 became over-violent in poetry and 

 drama, and fame deserted him 

 before his death. Later volumes of 

 poetry include A New Inferno, 

 1911, and Panama, 1915. In 1905 

 he reappeared on the stage as the 

 ghost to Martin Harvey's Hamlet. 

 He died Dec. 9, 1915. A play by 

 him in blank verse, entitled Harold, 

 based on the story of the Saxon 

 king, was discovered in 1921. 



Phillips, WEKDELL (1811-84). 

 American abolitionist and re- 

 former. Born at Boston, Massa- 



chusetts, Nov. 



29, 1811, he was 

 educated at 

 Harvard. Called 

 to the bar, he 

 became the most 

 prominent 

 speaker on the 

 abolitionist side, 

 and was presi- 

 dent of the Anti- 

 Slavery Society, 

 1865-70. He 

 advocated state control of the sale 

 of liquor, and reforms in penal 

 administration and labour condi- 

 tions, and took up the causes of the 

 Indians and the Irish. He died at 

 Boston, Feb. 2, 1884. He is con- 

 sidered one of America's greatest 

 orators. See his Speeches, Lectures, 

 and Letters, ed. J. Redpath, 1864, 

 and T. Pease, 1892 ; Lives, L. Sears, 

 1909; C. E. Russell, 1914. 



Phillipsburg. Town of New 

 Jersey, U.S.A., in Warren co. It 

 stands on the Delaware river, 50 m. 

 N. by W. of Trenton, and is served 

 by the Pennsylvania and other 

 rlys. It has important industrial 

 interests, the chief manufacturing 

 establishments being foundries and 

 machine shops, rly. repair shops, 

 boiler and stove works, and silk 

 mills. It was settled in 1749 and 

 incorporated in 1861. Pop. 16,900. 

 Phillpotts, EDEN (b. 1862)- 

 British novelist. Born in India, 

 Nov. 4, 1862, he was educated at 

 Plymouth, and after ten years in an 

 insurance office, and a trial of the 

 stage, adopted literature as a pro- 

 fession. His novels, many of which 

 are fine, intimate, dramatic studies 



Wendell Phillips, 

 American 

 abolitionist 



6112 



of Devonshire life, with especially 

 vivid realizations of the Dartmoor 

 country and people, include Lying 

 Prophets, 

 1897; Children 

 of the Mist, 

 1899; Sons of 

 the Morning, 

 1900; -The 

 American 

 Prisoner, 1904; 

 The Secret 

 Woman, 1905; 

 The 

 Mother, 

 1908 ; 



T h e I Thief of Virtue, 1910 ; 

 Demeter's V Daughter, 1911; 

 Widecombe Fair, 1913; The 

 Judge's Chair, 1914 ; Old Delabole, 

 1915; The Spinners, 1918; Evander, 

 1919. The Human Boy, 1899, is a 

 wonderfully sympathetic study of 

 boyhood. He also published some 

 volumes of meritorious poems, in- 

 cluding Wild Fruit, 1910, and The 

 Iscariot, 1912, and collaborated 

 with Basil Macdonald Hastings 

 in The Happy Ending, The Angel 

 in the House, and other plays. 



Phillpotts, HENEY (1778-1869). 

 British prelate. Born at Bridg- 

 water, May 6, 1778, he was edu- 

 cated at Glou- 

 cester School 

 and Corpus 

 Christi College, 

 Oxford. He 

 was ordained 

 in 1802, and in 

 1805 was given 

 a living in Dur- 

 ham. He was 

 vicar of Gates- 

 head, 1808-10, 

 of S. Margaret's, Durham, 1810- 

 20, and held the rich living of 

 Stanhope, 1820-31. In 1828 he 

 was chosen dean of Chester, and in 

 1831 bishop of Exeter. An extreme 

 Tory, and a pronounced high 

 churchman, " Harry of Exeter " 

 gained notoriety owing to his re- 



Henry Phillpotts, 

 British prelate 



PHILOLOGY 



fusal to institute the Rev. G. C. 

 Gorham (q.v.) to the living of 

 Brampford Speke, and to his love 

 of controversy. He won notoriety, 

 too, as a pluralist, being canon of 

 Durham and bishop of Exeter at 

 the same time. He died at Bishop- 

 stowe, Torquay Sept. 18, 1869. 



Philoctetes. In Greek legend, 

 one of the heroes of the Trojan War. 

 In his youth he was a friend of 

 Hercules, from whom he received 

 the arrows poisoned in the blood 

 of the Lernaean Hydra. On the 

 way to Troy Philoctetes received 

 a wound in the foot, and was 

 left behind on the island of Lemnos, 

 where he remained till the tenth 

 year of the war. Then, when an 

 oracle had declared that the active 

 help of Philoctetes was necessary 

 in order to overthrow the city, 

 Diomedes and Odysseus came to 

 fetch him, and with difficulty per- 

 suaded him to accompany them 

 to Troy. Philoctetes was made 

 the theme of tragedies by Aeschylus 

 and Euripides, of which only frag- 

 ments remain, and of two by 

 Sophocles, one of which is extant. 

 Pron. Philoc-teeteez. 



Philo Judaeus. Jewish philo- 

 sopher and theologian. Born at 

 Alexandria-about 20 B.C., he studied 

 all branches of Greek literature and 

 Hebrew learning. The Jews of 

 Alexandria, who had refused to 

 worship the emperor Caligula, sent 

 him as their advocate to Rome, in 

 A.D. 40, and he wrote an account of 

 his mission. Philo's theology, the 

 influence of which has been far- 

 reaching, teaches that the trans- 

 cendent and unconditioned Deity 

 manifests Himself in creative ac- 

 tivity through manifold " powers " 

 subordinated to the personal Logos 

 (q.v.). Philo thus forms a link 

 between the Platonic and Stoic 

 doctrines, the Wisdom literature, 

 and the theology of the fourth 

 Gospel and S. Paul. See Philo- 

 Judaeus, J. Drummond, 1888. 



PHILOLOGY: THE STUDY OF WORDS 



J, H. Freese, M.A., late Fellow of S. John's College, Cambridge 

 Other articles which may be consulted on this subject include Gram- 

 mar ; Language ; and Phonetics. See also the entries on the various 

 cases, moods, and tenses, e.g. Nominative ; Present ; Verb 



The term philology (Gr. philos, 

 lover of ; logos, word, speech) has 

 two or three different meanings. 

 (1) Originally, the study of the 

 written word, of literature, es- 

 pecially that of Greece and Rome. 

 This meaning still holds the field on 

 the Continent, especially in Ger- 

 many. (2) In English-speaking 

 countries, however, the tendency 

 is to understand by it the study of 

 the words themselves, their origin, 

 meaning, inflexions, and correct 

 ueage (syntax), which others re- 



gard as accessory indeed, but sub- 

 ordinate. In this sense philology 

 may be described as the science of 

 language, as distinct from (3) com- 

 parative philology, which is the 

 science of languages. 



Comparative philology is the 

 comparative study of the different 

 sounds and words of languages in- 

 cluded in a kindred group. The 

 group specially studied in this con- 

 nexion is that known as Indo- 

 European, Indo - Germanic, or 

 Aryan, and comparative philology 



