PICAYUNE 



6 1 39 



PICENUM 



Typical examples are Le Sage's 

 Gil Bias, Fielding's Jonathan Wild, 

 and Thackeray's Barry Lyndon. 



Picayune (prob. Fr. picaillon, 

 a small coin). Name used in 

 Florida and Louisiana for the 

 Spanish half-real, and now for the 

 U.S. 5-cent piece. 



Piccadilly. London thorough- 

 fare. It extends W. from Coventry 

 Street and Piccadilly Circus to 

 Hyde Park Corner. One of the 

 most fashionable parts of the 

 metropolis, and with a history 

 going back to the early part of the 

 17th century, it contains the 

 Piccadilly and Ritz hotels, Princes' 

 Hall restaurant, fa$ade of the 

 Geological Museum, Burlington 

 House (q.v.), Burlington Arcade, 

 and many clubs. Some of the fine 

 houses for which it was famous 

 still front the Green Park. Devon- 

 shire House was being dismantled 

 in 1921, but Apsley House (q.v. ) 

 remains, as does The Albany, 

 designed for Lord Melbourne and 



Piccadilly Circus, London. Looking 

 Regent Street Quadrant 



since 1804 devoted to residential 

 chambers, in which Byron, Macau- 

 lay, " Monk " Lewis, Canning, 

 Bulwer Lytton, and Gladstone 

 once resided. In S. James's Church, 

 built by Wren in 1682-84, Charles 

 Cotton, Tom D'Urfey, and Mark 

 Akenside are buried. The 4th 

 duke of Queensberry, known as 

 " Old Q," lived at No. 138. 



St. James's Hall, once the home 

 of the Moore and Burgess Min- 

 strels, stood on the site of the 

 Piccadilly Hotel. Piccadilly Circus 

 is crossed by Regent Street, while 

 Shaftesbury. 'Avenue, Coventry 

 Street, and Glasshouse Street lead 

 from it. It contains the Criterion 

 Theatre and Restaurant, and the 

 London Pavilion, and in the centre 

 is a fountain by Alfred Gilbert, 

 erected in 1893 to the memory of 

 the 7th earl of Shaftesbury. Picca- 

 dilly derives its name from a house 

 built by a retired tailor on the N. W.. 

 corner of the Haymarket, and 

 called Piccadilly Hall because its 

 owner had made foppish doublet 



trimmings and collars known as 

 peccadils or peckadils. The name 

 Piccadilly is given to a thorough- 

 fare connecting Market Street and 

 London Road, Manchester. See 

 London ; consult also Round About 

 Piccadilly and Pall Mall, H. B. 

 Wheatley, 1870 ; Piccadilly, 

 Laurence Oliphant, 1870; The 

 Ghosts of Piccadilly, G. S. Street, 

 1907 ; Wanderings in Piccadilly, 

 Mayfair, and Pall Mall, E. B. 

 Chancellor, 1908 ; Piccadilly in 

 Three Centuries, A. I. Dasent, 1920. 

 Piccolo. Italian word meaning 

 small, most commonly applied to 

 the little flute which sounds an 

 octave higher than the concert 

 flute. Some piccolos are made 

 a semitone, or a tone and a half, 

 higher than the ordinary piccolo, 

 with open scales sounding E flat 

 and F respectively. The piccolo is 

 much used in light orchestral 

 music, but in orchestral scores of 

 the higher types it is reserved for 

 special effects. The compass of the 

 ^HiflBimBB piccolo is similar 

 to that of the 

 flute, but all sound- 

 ing an octave 

 higher than the 

 flute of the same 

 nominal pitch. 

 The piccolo, how- 

 e v e r, does not 

 possess the lowest 

 two semitones (C 

 and C sharp), and 

 reaches the ex- 

 treme upper notes 

 only withshrillness 

 and difficulty. See 

 Flute. 



N.W. towards Piccolomini. 



Name of a noble 

 Italian family. Settling in Siena 

 in the early 13th century, its mem- 

 bers established commercial houses 

 in Italy, France, and Germany, 

 and amassed great wealth. Be- 

 longing to the Guelph faction, they 

 were alternately in exile and in 

 power, but eventually lost their 

 influence and declined in pros- 

 perity. . The family produced 

 several important personages, in- 

 cluding two popes, Aeneas Silvius, 

 Pius II (q.v. ), and Francesco, Pius 

 111(1439-1503). Alessandro Picco- 

 lomini (1508-78), archbishop of 

 Patras, was a philosopher. 



Piccolomini, MARIETTA (1836- 

 99). Italian opera singer. Born in 

 Siena, a member of a noble Tus- 

 can family and a pupil of Pietro 

 Romani, she made a successful 

 debut at Florence, in Lucrezia Bor- 

 gia, 1852, and repeated this success 

 in Rome, Pisa, Bologna, Palermo, 

 Verona, and Turin. Her first ap- 

 pearance in London was at Her 

 Majesty's Theatre, 1856, in La 

 Traviata, and she met also with 



Ottavio Piccolomini, 

 Italian soldier 



instant suc- 

 cess in Edin- 

 burgh, Dublin, 

 Paris, and the 

 U.S.A. Her 

 soprano voice 

 was notable for 

 its sweetness 

 and delicacy of 

 BI. Piccolomini, articulation. 

 Italian singer gh e re tired from 

 the stage in 1860, and died at 

 Florence, Dec., 1899. 



Piccolomini, OTTAVIO (1599- 

 1656). Italian soldier. Born in 

 Florence, Nov. 11, 1599, he be- 

 longed to the 

 noble family 

 of which 

 Pius II was a 

 member. He 

 began his 

 military 

 career in the 

 army of 

 Spain, but in 

 1618, on the 

 outbreak o f 

 the Thirty Years' War, was with 

 a force sent to fight on the em- 

 peror's side. He had a full and 

 varied career both as diplomatist 

 and soldier before he joined Wal- 

 lenstein, and, having fought at 

 Lutzen, he rose to be a general 

 officer, and shared in the plot that 

 resulted in the murder of his leader. 

 In 1635, having in 1634 helped to 

 win the battle of Nordlingen, he 

 went to aid the Spaniards in the 

 Netherlands, and he remained in 

 high command until the end of the 

 war in 1648, being in its concluding 

 months the imperial generalissimo. 

 He was made duke of Amalfi and a 

 prince. He died Aug. 11, 1656. 

 Piccolomini figures in Schiller's 

 Wallenstein. 



Pice. Indian copper coin. Four 

 equal one anna (q.v.), and its value 

 is a farthing. It is divided into 

 three pie. 



Piceue. White hydrocarbon 

 with a blue fluorescence obtained 

 from the residues from the rectifi- 

 cation of Californian petroleum, 

 and also found in the pitch re- 

 maining when coal-tar is distilled. 

 The boiling point is 518 to 520 J C., 

 the highest of that of any known 

 hydrocarbon. 



Picenum. Country of ancient 

 Italy. Lying on the Adriatic, it 

 was bounded N. by Umbria, W. by 

 Umbria and the Sabine country, 

 and S. by the country of the Vestini. 

 The inhabitants of Picenum sub- 

 mitted to Roman rule towards the 

 middle of the third century B.C., 

 but revolted in the Social War, 90 

 B.C., their town of Asculum being 

 made the capital of the league. 

 After the war they secured the 

 Roman franchise. 



