Charles Pichegrn, 

 French soldier 



PICHEGRU 



Pichegru,CHARLES(1761-1804). 

 French soldier. He was born at 

 Arbois, Feb. 16, 17G1, and educated 

 at the military 

 academy of 

 Brienne, to 

 which he sub- 

 sequently re- 

 turned as a 

 teacher, among 

 his pupils being 

 Napoleon. In 

 1793 he became 

 a divisional 

 general in the 

 Revolutionary army, and in the 

 next two years acquired a great 

 military reputation by his series of 

 victories over the Austrians and 

 their allies. In 1795, however, he 

 began a series of intrigues with 

 the Bourbons, which led eventually 

 to his deportation to the penal 

 colony of Cayenne. Escaping to 

 England, in 1798 he resumed his 

 intrigues, and, with Cadoudal as 

 ringleader, a plot was hatched for 

 the assassination of Napoleon. 

 Cadoudal and Pichegru made a 

 secret visit to Paris, but Pichegru 

 was betrayed and arrested, and on 

 April 15, 1804, was found strangled 

 in his bed. 



Pichincha. Prov. and volcano 

 of N. Ecuador. The prov. is S. of 

 Imbabura, E. of Manabi, and N. of 

 Leon. It has many fertile valleys, 

 but is subject to earthquakes. The 

 capital is Quito. Pop. 205,000. 

 The volcano is 8 m. N.W. of Quito, 

 and has an alt. of 15,919 ft., with 

 a crater 2,500 ft. deep. On its 

 slopes was fought, May 22, 1822, 

 the battle which secured the inde- 

 pendence of Ecuador. 



Pichon, STEPHEN JEAN MAEIE 

 (b. 1857). French statesman. Born 

 Aug. 10. 1857, at Arnay-le-Duc, in 

 the Cote d'Or 

 department, he 

 came to Paris 

 in 1878 and 

 was on the .staff 

 of Clemen- 

 ceau's paper 

 La Justice, 

 1880-93. In 

 1885 he en- 

 tered the 

 Chamber of 

 Deputies, of which he was secre- 

 tary, 1889-90. He was then suc- 

 cessively minister plenipotentiary 

 at Port au Prince, San Domingo, 

 Rio de Janeiro, and Peking, 1897- 

 1901, before being resident-general 

 in Tunis, 1901-5. During the Boxer 

 troubles he acted as plenipoten- 

 tiary in the negotiations between 

 the powers and China after the 

 allied troops had entered Peking. 

 On Jan. 7, 1906, he was elected 

 senator for the Jura department, 

 and in Oct. became minister of 



Stephen Pichon, 

 French statesman 



6140 



foreign affairs in Clemenceau's first 

 cabinet. He held the same office 

 in the second Clemenceau cabinet, 

 Nov. 16, 1917-Jan., 1920. Pichon 

 participated in the conference at 

 Versailles and in the deliberations 

 of the Peace Conference. After the 

 resignation of the Clemenceau cab- 

 inet in 1920, he resumed the politi- 

 cal editorship of Le Petit Journal. 

 Pickering. Urban dist. and 

 market town of Yorkshire (N.R.). 

 It is 32 m. from York, with a 

 station on the N.E. Rly., on which 

 line it is a junction. The chief 

 building is the church of S. Peter, 

 which contains some old mural 

 paintings discovered in 1851, and 

 restored; a Norman font, and 

 some other Norman work. There 

 are ruins of a castle, which existed 



Percival Pickering, 

 British horticulturist 



Pickering, Yorkshire. Market place and spire of the 

 parish church of S. Peter 



PICKET 



Balliol Col- 

 lege, Oxford, 

 g r adua ting 

 with 1st class 

 honours in 

 science, 1880, 

 he turned his 

 attention t o 

 agricultural 

 chemistry, and 

 became direct- 

 or of the Wo- 

 burn Experi- 



mental Fruit Farm. In 1890 he was 

 elected F.R.S. He published many 

 papers on his subject, and among 

 other works edited the Memoirs of 

 Anna Maria Pickering, his mother. 

 Pickering, WILLIAM (1796- 

 1854). British publisher. Born 

 April 2, 1796, he began business 

 in Lincoln's Inn 

 Fields, 1820, and 

 removed to Chan- 

 cery Lane in 1824. 

 He adopted the 

 tiade mark of the 

 Aldine Press 

 (l-v.), and issued 

 a series called 

 The Diamond 

 Classics and the 

 Aldine edition of 

 the English poets. 

 He died at Turn- 

 ham Green, 

 April 27, 1854. 

 The business was 



before the Norman Conquest and 

 was afterwards in the duchy of 

 Lancaster. The chief industry is 

 the manufacture of agricultural 

 implements, and there is a trade in 

 agricultural produce. The vale of 

 Pickering lies between the moors 

 of N. Yorkshire and the Wolds. 

 Market day, Mon. Pop. 3,700. 



Pickering, EDWARD CHARLES 

 (1846-1919). American astrono- 

 mer. Born at Boston, July 19, 

 1846, he was educated at the Law- 

 rence Scientific School, Harvard. 

 He became Thayer professor of 

 physics, 1867-76, at the Massa- 

 chusetts Institute of Technology, 

 and professor of astronomy and 

 director of the observatory at 

 Harvard, 1876, a post he held to 

 his death. In 1906 he became pre- 

 sident of the Astronomical and 

 Astrophysical Society of America. 

 He died Feb. 3, 1919. Pickering 

 made a special study of the light 

 and spectra of stars, in connexion 

 with which he invented the meri- 

 dian photometer. Most of his 

 results were published in the An- 

 nals of the Harvard Observatory. 

 He was honoured by foreign uni- 

 versities and awarded gold medals 

 by the Royal Astronomical Society. 



Pickering, PERCIVAL SPENCER 

 UMFREViLLE(b. 1858). British hor- 

 ticulturist. Educated at Eton and 



continued by his son, Basil Mon- 

 tagu Pickering (1836-78). 



Pickering, WILLIAM HENRY (b. 

 1858). American astronomer. 

 Born in Boston, brother of E. C. 

 Pickering, 

 he became 

 assistant i n - 

 structor of 

 physics at the 

 Massachusetts 

 Institute of 

 T e c h n ology, 

 1880-87, and 

 was appointed 

 W. H. Pickering, assistant pro- 

 American astronomer f essor o f as _ 



tronomy at Harvard, 1887. Pick- 

 ering became famous from dis- 

 coveries of the ninth and tenth 

 satellites of Saturn, and in 1921 

 put forward the theory that there 

 is vegetable life on the moon. 

 He was awarded the Janssen 

 medal in 1909. 



Picket. Military term signifying 

 a small detachment of troops used 

 as an outpost or guard. Pickets are 

 usually entrenched, and the picket 

 line is frequently made the line of 

 resistance in case of attack. A 

 picket may also mean a body of 

 troops detailed for certain special 

 eventual duties the fire-picket 

 being the men instructed to take 

 immediate action in case of an 



