PICKET BOAT 



6141 



PICKWICK PAPERS 



outbreak of fire. Picket is also used 

 in military technology to indicate 

 the stakes or pegs used for a 

 variety of purposes in military 

 engineering. 



Picket Boat. Small boat, 

 usually a steam pinnace, carried by 

 warships. See Boat. 



Picketing. Term derived from 

 the military word picket, and used 

 in industrialism in a cognate sense. 

 It describes the practice, common 

 during strikes, of placing men 

 near the affected works, to restrain 

 the hands from working, or to 

 obtain information bearing on the 

 dispute. In 1875, by the Conspir- 

 acy and Protection of Property 

 Act, picketing, in the sense of 

 bringing compulsion to bear upon 

 other workers, was declared illegal 

 in the United Kingdom. 



The practical interpretation of 

 the distinction led to a good deal 

 of litigation. The Trades Dis- 

 putes Act of 1906 widened the area 

 of lawful picketing, by declaring it 

 legal, even if for the purpose of 

 peacefully persuading any person 

 to work or to abstain from work- 

 ing. See Osborne Judgement ; 

 Strikes ; Trade Unions. 



Pickford, MAKY (b. 1893). 

 American cinematograph actress. 

 Born April 8, 1893, she appeared 

 on the stage as a child, but met with 



6SSS33S3 F eater success 

 I i n connexion 

 with the films. 

 In 1920 she 

 married as her 

 second hus- 

 band Douglas 

 Fairbanks 



Mary Pickford, American film- 

 actress, as Amanda in "Suds." 

 Top, in private life 



Picking. Term applied in metal- 

 lurgy and mining to one of the 

 preliminary processes by which 

 worthless gangue is separated from 

 valuable ore. The operation con- 

 sists simply in turning over the 

 mass of crude ore, breaking the 

 larger pieces, which is in many 

 cases done by hand, examining 

 carefully the pieces, and picking 

 out and throwing aside those which 

 are obviously of no value. The 

 picking may be performed on the 

 mass in the open, as in many 

 metalliferous mines, or it may be 

 performed at the side of a travelling 

 band which carries the crude 

 material along past the pickers, as 

 is done at many modern collieries. 

 See Coal ; Ores ; Mining. 



Pickles (Dutch pekel, brine). 

 Articles of food preserved in brine 

 or vinegar. Pickled vegetables and 

 pickled meats formed an important 

 part of the diet of our ancestors, 

 when meat was killed at Michael- 

 mas for the winter and winter 

 vegetables were few. Dry salting 

 in barrels is extensively practised 

 in Holland and Belgium, but not 

 to a large extent in England. 

 Another method ,ia by pickling in 

 strong brine. 



Certain kinds of pickles used as 

 appetisers are prepared in a solu- 

 tion of salt or brine, especially 

 olives, capers, and walnuts. Sauer- 

 kraut is made by steeping finely 

 shredded white cabbage in a solu- 

 tion of this kind. Other pickles 

 are made by pouring boiling vinegar 

 over the vegetable used, and allow- 

 ing it to simmer for a short time. 

 Cucumbers, gher- 

 kins, green toma- 

 toes, onions, 

 small peppers, 

 beets, and cauli- 

 flower are pre- 

 pared inthis way. 

 Various season- 

 ings, salt, sugar, 

 spices, and occa- 

 sionally mustard 

 are added to the 

 vinegar. Most 

 pickles require to 

 be kept fora short 

 time beforeusing. 



Pickle the 

 Spy. Namepopu- 

 larly given to 

 Alestair Ruadh 

 Macdonell of 

 Glengarry (c. 

 1725-61) the 

 Jacobite. See 

 Macdonell, Ales- 

 tair ; consult also 

 Pickle the Spy, 



1897, and Com- 

 panions Of Pickle, 



1898, Andrew 

 Lang. 



M. W. PickthaU, 

 British author 



Elliott & Fry 



Pickthall, MARMADUKE WILLIAM 

 (b. 1875). British author. Born 

 April 7, 1875, he was educated at 

 Harrow, and 

 spent some 

 years in tra- 

 veiling 

 through out 

 the Near East, 

 acquiring a 

 close know- 

 ledge of native 

 life and lan- 

 g u a g e s in 

 Egypt, Tur- 

 key, and Syria, 

 ably displayed in his novels and 

 other writings. These include Said 

 the Fisherman, 1903; The House 

 of Islam, 1906; The Children of 

 the Nile, 1908; With the Turk in 

 War Time, 1914; Knights of Araby, 

 1917; Oriental Encounters, 1918; 

 Sir Limpidus, 19 19, a satirical novel; 

 and The Early Hours, 1921. He 

 edited J. E. Hanauer's Folklore 

 of the Holy Land, 1907. 



Pickwick, SAMUEL. Central 

 character in Charles Dickens' s 

 Pickwick Papers. The founder of 

 the Pickwick Club, Mr. Pickwick 

 also appears in Master Humphrey's 

 Clock (q.v.). See Bardell, Mrs. ; 

 Phiz. 



Pickwick Papers, THE. Charles 

 Dickens's first novel, issued under 

 the title of The Posthumous 

 Papers of the Pickwick Club, in 

 monthly parts, April, 1836-Nov., 

 1837. It originated in Chapman 

 and Hall's suggestion that Dickens 

 should provide letterpress for a 

 series of sporting pictures by 



Mr. Pickwick addressing the club before starting on 

 his adventures. On his right is seated Tupman, on 

 his left are Snodgrass and Winkle. From the etching by 

 Seymour, in the first edition ol The Pickwick Papers 



