PILIBHIT 



6 1 57 



PILLORY 



PILGRIMS' WAYS 



English Miles 



Pilgrims' Way. Conjectural routes followed by the pilgrims from Winchester to Becket's shrine at Canterbury, and of 

 that taken by similar pilgrims from London, as described by Chaucer 



Folk names, such as Beggars' Lane, 

 Farthing Copse, and Pray Meadows, 

 survive ; and several churches 

 along the Way, Scale, S. Martha's 

 (properly S. Martyr's), and Gatton, 

 were of pilgrim origin. The Way, 

 which is doubled in places and in 

 parts notable for its yew trees, fol- 

 lowed a prehistoric track, strewn 

 with many remains. With the ex- 

 ception of some 12 m. between 

 Dartford and Strood, Chaucer's Pil- 

 grims' Way, from London to Canter- 

 bury, 56 m., followed the modern 

 Dover Road, touching Deptford, 

 Dartford, Rochester, Chatham, Sit- 

 tingbourne, Ospringe, and Harble- 

 down. See Becket ; Canterbury ; 

 Chaucer ; consult also The Canter- 

 bury Pilgrimages, H. Snowden 

 Ward, 1904; The Old Road, H. 

 Belloc, new ed. 1911 ; The Pil- 

 grims' Way, Julia Cartwright, new 

 ed. 1911 



Pilibhit. Dist. and town of the 

 United Provinces, India, in the 

 Rohilkhand division, adjacent to 

 Nepal. Its area is 1,350 sq. m. The 

 town is a rly. junction. Pop. dist.. 

 488,000; town, 31,600. 



Pilkeni. Village of Belgium, in 

 the prov. of W. Flanders. It stands 

 on a ridge of the same name, 80 ft. 

 in height. Also known as Pilckem, 

 the village is 1 m. E. of Boesinghe 

 (q.v.), and was the scene of fierce 

 fighting in the Ypres salient in the 

 Great War, in which it was totally 

 destroyed. The ridge, of supreme 

 importance as dominating Ypres 

 northwards, was captured by the 

 Germans in the first battle of 

 Ypres. Later regained, it was lost 

 in the second battle and stormed 

 July 31, 1917, in the third battle. 

 Recaptured by the Germans in 

 April, 1918, it was recovered by 

 the Allies in Sept., 1918. See 

 Ypres, Battles of. 



Pillar. In architecture, an irre- 

 gular column, i.e. one not con- 

 structed in accordance with the 

 proportions of the recognized 

 orders. The term is loosely applied 

 also to any disengaged column that 



does not act as a structural sup- 

 port, e.g. a vertical monolith, 

 or memorial column, such as 

 Pompey's Pillar, Alexandria. The 

 ^_ . term is capable of 



! application to any 

 material welded 

 together in rough 

 columnar forma- 

 tion. Pillar saints, 

 or Stylites, among 

 whom S. Simeon 

 Stylites is pro- 

 minent, is a term 

 sometimes used 

 for hermits who 

 made a home on 

 the top of a pillar 

 in the open air. A 

 pillar-box is a re- 

 ceptacle in the 

 street in which 

 stamped letters 

 can be placed. 

 Pillars of Society, THE. Four- 

 act play by Henrik Ibsen, pub- 

 lished in 1877. The first of his 

 dramatic indictments of modern 

 society, it exposed the fraudulent 

 hollowness of the conventional 

 respectability upon which it is 

 supported, but ends in a somewhat 

 conventional note of repentance. 

 The play was translated into 

 English by William Archer. 



Pillar in 

 architecture 



Strong point, or machine-gun neat, used by 



German troops in the Great War 



Pillar- Worship. The ritual 

 expression of reverence for natural 

 pillar-shaped objects, especially of 

 stone, and artificial upright struc- 

 tures of similar form. In the 

 Mediterranean basin sacred pillars 

 were erected by neolithic peoples, 

 often in association with tree- 

 worship (q.v.). Basalt pillars are 

 venerated in negro Africa. See 

 Hermae ; Menhir ; Obelisk. 



Pill-box. Popular name for a 

 strong point, or machine-gun nest, 

 as used by the Germans in the 

 later stages of the Great War on 

 the W. front. These defences usu- 

 ally consisted of a loopholed circu- 

 lar turret of thin armour plate, or a 

 square concrete erection, containing 

 men armed with machine guns. 



Pillory (Old Fr. pilori, perhaps 

 from Lat. speculatorium, a look- 

 out). Instrument of punishment. It 

 consisted of a post surmounted by 

 a wooden frame with holes through 

 which the head and hands of the 

 culprit were thrust, and fastened 

 to which he was exposed to public 

 contumely for a specified time. 



In England, where variations of 

 the device were of old institution, 

 the Statute of the Pillory, 1266, 

 ordained its use as punishment for 

 forestallers and regrators, users of 

 false weights, perjurers, and for- 

 gers. . After 1637 

 it became the usual 

 punishment for 

 press offences, such 

 as printing books 

 without licence 

 and libelling the 

 government, with 

 results not always 

 contemplated by 

 the authorities ; 

 Daniel Defoe, for 

 example, receiving 

 a popular ovation 

 when pilloried in 

 July,, 1703, for 

 his famous pleafor 

 toleration, The 

 Shortest Way with 

 the Dissenters. In 



