PINEAL GLAND 



Pine. 1. Cluster pine. 2. Young cone 



of cluster pine. 3. Scotch pine. 4. 



Young cones of Scotch pine. 5. Cones 



of Austrian pine. 6. Austrian pine 



will thrive in 

 most gardens. 

 The best results 

 are attained by 

 sowing them 

 where they are 

 to remain as 

 trees. See 

 Coniferae; 

 Forestry. 



Pineal 

 Gland (Fr. 

 pineal, like a 

 pine- cone). 



discourage 

 branch growth 

 and increase 

 the length and 

 girth of the 



trunk. The Scotch pine (P. sylves- 

 tris) of Europe and N. Asia is the 

 only British species. It reproduces 

 itself by self-sown seed on heaths 

 and wastes, however poor the soil. 

 Its growth in Britain is more rapid 

 than in the N. of the Continent, and 

 as a consequence the timber is 

 coarse-grained and less durable 

 than that imported from the Baltic 

 region. It abounds in turpentine, 

 and yields tar, pitch, and resin. 



Other species of pine introduced 

 and commonly grown in Britain 

 include the Corsican P. (P. laricio) 

 from Central and S. Europe, the 

 Cluster P. (P. pinaster) from the 

 Mediterranean region, and the 

 Weymouth P. (P. strobus) from N. 

 America. Others occur as ornamen- 

 tal trees in parks and large gardens. 

 Pine timber is always in good 

 demand, as it is the general utility 

 wood of the builder for joists, floor- 

 ing, doors, stairs, window-frames, 

 etc., as well as for the ordinary 

 purposes of the carpenter. Most of 

 the exotic species may be reared 

 easily from seed, and as they are 

 mostly accustomed to grow natur- 

 ally in poor or shallow soils, they 



Small body 

 deeply situated in the brain. It 

 is believed to represent morphologi- 

 cally the traces of a third eye, and 

 in certain lizards part of the gland 

 becomes developed into a structure 

 resembling an eye, but covered 

 with skin. Modern researches 

 indicate that it may be a gland, 

 the secretions of which are sup- 

 posed to influence, particularly 

 in early life, both the mental and 

 physical growth. 



Pineapple (Ananas sativus). 

 Perennial herb of the natural order 

 Bromeliaceae, native of S.America. 

 From the rootstock grows a cluster 

 of long, thin-textured, but rigid 

 sword-shaped leaves with sharp- 

 toothed edges. From the centre of 

 the leaf-cluster rises a short stout 

 stem ending in a conical spike of 



flowers surmounted by a crown of 

 small, spiny leaves. The berries 

 Bucceeding the flowers grow to- 

 gether into a 

 juicy compound 

 fruit the pine- 

 apple. The plant 

 was introduced 

 to Eu rope in the 

 17th century, 

 and grown in 

 stove- houses, 

 where fine fruit 

 was often pro- 

 duced ; but its 

 extensive field 

 cultivation i n 

 the W. Indies 



, and the Azores 

 Pineapple. Fruit i { j t u 



arising from leaf 8U PP" 



cluster markets with 



