PIRACY 



dealt in twos or threes, generally 

 two at a. time. The remaining 

 cards are laid upon the table face 

 downwards; the three bottom 

 cards being placed in a row, and 

 the other five in another row over 

 them, these forming the stock or 

 talon. The object of the game is to 

 score points for certain combina- 

 tions and for tricks. The game 

 begins by the players examining 

 their hands ; if the leader or elder 

 hand (non-dealer) has no king, 

 queen, or knave termed carte 

 blanche he announces it, and 

 scores 10 points. If the second 

 player has a carte blanche hand, he 

 does not declare it until the leader 

 has discarded. The non-dealer has 

 considerable advantage from being 

 elder hand ; he can take any five 

 cards from his hand which seem the 

 least likely to increase his score, 

 and, laying them aside, take as 

 many from the talon. The younger 

 hand then lays out three and 

 takes the last three of the talon. 



The following combinations to be 

 tried for are : Carte blanche. Having 

 no picture card in the hand ; this 

 takes precedence of everything else 

 ( = 10 points). Fours or Quatorze. 

 Either four aces, kings, queens, 

 knaves, or tens (each quatorze = 

 14 points). Threes. In either aces, 

 kings, queens, knaves, or tens 

 (= 3 points). Point. The greatest 

 number of pips on cards of the 

 same suit ( = as many points as 

 cards). Tierce, or three of a 

 sequence ( = 3 points). Quart, or 

 four of a sequence (=4 points). 

 Quint, or five of a sequence 

 ( = 15 points). Sixieme, or six of 

 a sequence (= 16 points). 

 Septitme, or seven of a sequence 

 (= 17 points). Huit, or eight of 

 a sequence (=18 points). 



The elder hand calls what he 

 holds, and his opponent, if he 

 cannot beat it, replies, " Good," 

 and the elder hand proceeds to 

 count it ; otherwise his opponent 

 says " Equal " or " Not good." 

 The first procedure is to call and 

 score the point, the player holding 

 the highest in this regard only 

 scoring it. The other combinations 

 are then counted aloud by each, 

 after which they proceed to play 

 for the tricks. There being no 

 trumps the highest card of each 

 suit wins the trick. A player is 

 bound to follow suit if he can, but 

 is not obliged to take the trick. 

 The leader counts one for each card 

 led, whether it wins a trick or not. 



If the trick falls to the second 

 player he also counts one ; then 

 leads the next card, counting one 

 for the card led, and so on. The 

 winner of the last tiick counts one 

 extra for the last card. Tricks are 

 placed face upwards, as played. 



Pique is when the elder hand 

 counts 30 in hand or play before 

 his opponent has scored, in which 

 case he adds 30 more to his score. 

 Repigue is when either player can 

 score 30 from the combinations in 

 his hand before a card is played, in 

 which event he scores an additional 

 60. A game consists of either 100 

 points, or for the greatest number 

 of points obtained in six hands. See 

 The Complete Hoyle, R. F. Foster, 

 new and enlarged ed. 1909 ; The 

 Official Rules of Card Games, R. F. 

 Foster, 1914. Pron.pikett or picket. 

 Piracy (Gr. peirdtes, an adven- 

 turer who makes attacks on ships). 

 The offence, by common law, of 

 committing those acts of robbery 

 and depredation upon the high 

 seas which, if committed upon 

 land, would have amounted to 

 felony there. By statute it includes 

 some other offences. Thus any 

 natural-born British subject who 

 commits any act of hostility upon 

 the high seas against other British 

 subjects under colour of a commis- 

 sion from a foreign power, or who, 

 in time of war, does so or assists 

 an enemy at sea, is liable to be 

 convicted as a pirate ; so too is 

 any commander or seaman who 

 betrays his trust and runs away 

 with any ship, ammunition, ord- 

 nance, or goods, or yields them up 

 voluntarily to a pirate. The punish- 

 ment for piracy was formerly death, 

 both for principals and for acces- 

 sories before or after the fact, but 

 is now penal servitude for life, or 

 imprisonment not exceeding three 

 years. See Buccaneers. 



Piraeus. One of the chief sea- 

 ports of ancient Greece. Situated 

 on the Saronic Gulf, 6 m. S.W. of 

 Athens, it owed its foundation to 

 Themistocies and Pericles. It was 

 destroyed by Sulla, 86 B.C., and 

 was not rebuilt until the 19th 

 century, after the establishment ol 

 the modern kingdom of Greece. 

 Formerly connected with Athens 

 by the well-known "Long Walls," 

 it now has railway communication. 

 Pron. Py-ree-us. See Athens. 



Piranesi, GIAMBATTISTA (1720- 

 78). Italian engraver and architect. 

 Born at Venice, the son of a mason, 

 he studied 

 under Valer- 

 ian i and G. 

 Vasi, the en- 

 graver. He 

 started prac- 

 tising as an 

 architect in 

 Venice, but was 

 a 1 1 r a c ted to 

 Rome, where 

 he at once be- 

 gan the engravings of ancient 

 monuments published in 1750 

 under the title of Delia Magnifi- 



G. Piranesi, 

 Italian engraver 



PIRATE BRIDGE 



cenza ed Architettura dei Romani. 

 He etched nearly 2,000 plates 

 before he died in Rome. A pictu- 

 resque draughtsman, addicted to 

 moonlight effects with strong light 

 and shade, he drew also with the 

 enthusiasm and knowledge of an 

 antiquary, and his work is of in- 

 estimable value to the student of 

 architecture. See Piranesi : His 

 Life and Works, A. Samuel, 1910. 

 Pirano. Town and port of Italy, 

 in the peninsula of Istria. It is 

 13 m. S.W. of Trieste. Salt is the 

 chief export from the convenient 

 harbour. Part of the ancient forti- 

 fications still stand ; the cathedral 

 rises from massive foundations on 

 the N. shore. Tartini, the composer, 

 was born here in 1692. Pop. 15,000. 

 Pirate, THE. Sir Walter Scott's 

 fourteenth novel, published in 

 Dec., 1821. It is a romance of 

 Zetland (Shetland) and the Ork- 

 neys at the close of the 17th 

 century, and is remarkable for its 

 scenic descriptions and its reflec- 

 tion of the author's philosophy of 

 life. Cleveland, the pirate, was 

 drawn from John Gow, who was 

 captured in 1725. A notable char- 

 acter is Norna of the Fitful Head. 



Pirate Bridge. Card game, a 

 variety of auction bridge and solo 

 whist. In pirate, partners are not 

 cut for as in auction, as there are 

 no permanent partnerships. The 

 bidder is accepted by any one of 

 the three who thinks his hand will 

 fit. The values are as at auction, 

 as are the honour scores, slam, 

 bonuses, etc. The dealer is not 

 obliged to bid, but may pass if he 

 pleases. Where a bid has been 

 made, each player, in turn to the 

 left, must either pass or accept. 

 No bid can be raised, overcalled, or 

 doubled until it has been accepted 

 by some player. If no one makes 

 a bid which is accepted, the deal 

 is void and passes to the next 

 player on the left. The acceptor 

 of a bid becomes the partner of the 

 bidder for the time being, but he is 

 not bound to continue the partner- 

 ship if further bidding occurs. A bid 

 which is not accepted is void. But 

 the player on the left of the un- 

 accepted bidder can make a bid, 

 just as if the unaccepted bid had 

 never been made. , 



When the bid has been accepted, 

 each player to the left of the 

 acceptor may bid higher or pass. 

 Either of the opponents can double 

 in his turn, and the bidder or his 

 acceptor can re-double in his turn. 

 If no one overcalls an acceptance, 

 the acceptor himself cannot bid 

 higher. An unaccepted bid made 

 over a call that has been then 

 accepted is void. The caller of the 

 bid that is allowed to stand is 

 known as the declarer. His 



