PISA 



mineral springs and a royal stud 

 farm for norsea and dromedaries. 

 It was at the village of Gombo, 

 1 J m. W., that Shelley was drowned 

 July 8, 1822. 



Originally a Greek colony, it 

 became later an important Etruscan 

 city and then a flourishing Roman 

 port, whence marble and wood 

 were shipped. After its decline 

 under the domination of the Franks, 

 Pisa rose to importance again 

 by the llth century, and, after 

 a series of successful conflicts with 

 the Saracen pirates, became a 

 flourishing naval republic, with 

 dominion over Corsica, Sardinia, 

 and the Balearic Isles. In 1099 it 

 sent vessels to the 1st crusade. 

 After continuous struggles with 

 Florence, Pisa was vanquished in 

 1405, and remained an integral part 



of Tuscany until the unification of 

 Italy in 1860. Pop. 67,280. See 

 Baptistery ; Campo Santo ; Pulpit ; 

 consult also The Story of Pisa, J. 

 A. Ross and N. Erichsen, 1909. 



Pisa, COUNCIL OF. Church coun- 

 cil held in 1409 to settle the great 

 schism occasioned by the residence 

 of the popes at Avignon. Sum- 

 moned by the college of cardinals, 

 the rival popes Gregory XII and 

 Benedict XIII refused to appear, 

 and the council of 24 cardinals, 80 

 bishops, and many other ecclesias- 

 tics of authority declared them 

 both schismatics and elected Peter 

 Philarges (Alexander V) to the 

 papal throne, June 26, 1409. The 

 schismatics, however, refused to re- 

 cognize the authority of the coun- 

 cil, and the schism lasted another 

 thirtv vears 



PISANO 



Pisagua. Seaport of Chile, in 

 the prov. of Tarapaca. It is 46 m. 

 N. of Iquique, with which it is con- 

 nected by rlv. Its chief export is 

 nitrate of soda. In 1868 and 1877 

 is was almost destroyed by earth- 

 quakes. Near the town the Chileans 

 defeated an army of Peruvians and 

 Bolivians,Nov.l9,1879. Pop.4,000. 



Pisano, ANDREA (c. 1270-1349). 

 Italian architect and sculptor. 

 Born at Pontedera, he con- 

 structed a good part of the forti- 

 fications of Florence, and the 

 stronghold of Scarperia in the Val 

 di Mugello. His greatest achieve- 

 ment, however, was the decoration 

 in relief of one set of bronze doors 

 ot the Baptistery at Florence, 

 the other set being executed by 

 Ghiberti. He worked also at 

 Venice, and died at Orvieto 



Pisa, Italy. The cathedral from the south-west, showing west facade and Leaning Tower, or Campanile. Top, air view from 

 the north; left to right are seen the Leaning Tower, Cathedral, and Baptistery, and, in risrht foreground, the Campo Santo 



Top view by courtesy of the Italian Air Service 



