PITTENWEEM 



6179 



PITTSBURG 



tor the overthrow of the tyrant 

 Melanchrus, and commanded the 

 forces of Mitylene in the war with 

 Athens. In 589 he was chosen 

 ruler by the people of Mitylene, 

 and after governing wisely for ten 

 years voluntarily resigned. 



Pittenweem, Royal and mun 

 burgh and seaport of Fifeshire, 

 Scotland. It stands on the N 

 shore of the Firth of Forth, 9 m. 

 from St. Andrews, with a station on 

 the N.B. Rly. The chief building 

 is the parish church, originally that 

 of a priory founded here in the 12th 

 century. The town was made a 

 royal burgh in 1542. Fishing and 

 fish-curing are the chief industries, 

 and there is a small harbour 

 Pop. 1,900. 



Pitti Palace. Building in Flor 

 ence. Italy, containing a famous 

 collection of pictures Designed in 

 1449 by Brunelleschi as a residence 

 for Luca Pitti, chief magistrate of 

 the city, it later became the 

 palace of the grand duke of 

 Tuscany, and was added to and im- 

 proved by successive owners. The 

 second largest palace in Italy, it is 

 built of rough -hewn stone, and 

 ?tands on the left bank of the 

 Arno, between that river and the 

 Boboli gardens. The collection of 

 paintings contains masterpieces of 

 the Italian, Dutch, Spanish, and 

 English schools. See Florence : 

 Madonna Raphael . Titian. 



Pitt Press, THE. Name by 

 which the Cambridge University 

 Press (q.v.) was once generally 

 known. It is derived from part of 

 theC.U.P. buildings opened April 

 28, 1833, in memory of William 

 Pitt. See History of the Cam- 

 bridge University Press, 1521-1921. 

 S. C. Roberts, 1921. 



Pitt-Rivers, AUGUSTUS HENRY 

 LANE Fox (1827-1900). British 

 anthropologist and archaeologist. 

 Born April 14, 1827, son of W. A. 

 Lane Fox, he was commissioned in 

 the Grenadier Guards, 1845, and 

 served in the Crimean War. He 



investigated rifle improvements, 

 1851-57, and was promoted lieut. 

 general, 1882. Inheriting Dorset 

 and Wiltshire estates from his 

 great-uncle, George Pitt, Lord 

 Rivers, he assumed his final name. 

 1880. His researches into the 

 history of weapons led to a study 

 of human invention, and the re- 

 sulting collections, presented 1883 

 form the nucleus of the Pitt-Rivers 

 museum. Oxford. He became 

 F.R.S., 1876; vice-president of 

 the Society of Antiquaries ; presi 

 dent of the Anthropological In- 

 stitute ; and first inspector of 

 ancient monuments. He systemati- 

 cally explored prehistoric remains 

 on his estates, described in Excava 

 tions in Cranborne Chase, 1887-96. 

 He died at Rushmore, May 4, 1900 

 See Woodcutts. 



Pittsburg. City ot Kansas. 

 U.S.A., in Crawford co. It is 130m. 

 by rly. S. of Kansas City, and is 

 served by the Atchison, Topeka 

 and Santa Fe and other rlys. An 

 important coal-mining centre, it 

 has rly. workshops, gram elevators, 

 and manufactures of foundry and 

 machine-shop products, flour, and 

 bricks. It was settled about 1876. 

 and incorporated 1 880. Pop. 1 8, 100. 



Pittsburg OR PITTSBURGH. City 

 and port of entry of Pennsylvania, 

 U.S.A. The capital of Allegheny 

 co. and the second largest city of 



Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Fleet ot coal lighters in the Allegheny river 



Top, right. Allegheny County Memorial to soldiers who tell in the Civil War. 



erected in 1910 



the state, it occupies an advan- 

 tageous position at the point where 

 the Allegheny and Monongahela 

 rivers unite to form the river Ohio, 

 and is served by the Pennsylvania, 

 the Baltimore and Ohio.and several 

 other lines of rly. The original city 

 was built in the angle of the two 

 rivers, but its limits have been 

 greatly extended by the consolida- 

 tion of several neighbouring bor- 

 oughs, among them being Union, 

 W. and S. Pittsburg, Allentown, 

 Birmingham, E. Birmingham, and 

 Allegheny. 



The prominent public buildings 

 of Pittsburg include the Allegheny 

 court house, a fine Doric structure 

 crowned by a dome and connected 

 with the gaol by a bridge ; the 

 city hall ; the exposition building ; 

 the U.S. arsenal ; the Carnegie 

 library and institute in Schenley 

 Park, opened in 1895 and extended 

 in 1907, and containing library, 

 art gallery, and museum ; the 

 Carnegie library of Allegheny ; and 

 the Allegheny co. soldiers' memo- 

 rial hall, with large auditorium. 



Pittsburg University, known as 

 the Western University till 1908, 

 is the chief institution for higher 

 education. Others are the Penn- 

 sylvania Women's College, Pitts- 

 burg Academy, Duquesne Univer- 

 sity (formerly called Pittsburg 

 College of the Holy Ghost), and the 

 Carnegie Institute of Technology. 

 Highland Park, 366 acres in extent, 

 contains zoological gardens and 

 three of the city reservoirs. The 

 seat of a Roman Catholic and a 

 Protestant bishop, Pittsburg has a 

 number of fine churches. 



The commercial and industrial 

 prosperity of Pittsburg is due to 

 its situation on a coalfield and its 

 close proximity to an important 

 oil and natural gas producing 

 region. One of the principal centres 

 in the world for the production of 

 iron and steel goods, it has nu- 

 merous large blast furnaces and 

 rolling mills. It is actively engaged 

 in turning out steel rails and con- 

 structing steel bridges, and other 

 important manufactures are foun- 

 dry and machine-shop products, 

 engines, glass, bricks, cement, 

 pottery, tobacco, cigars, electrical 

 and astronomical appliances, and 

 cork. In 1811 the first steamboat 

 designed for western waters was 

 built here, and since then ship- 

 building has developed into a 

 leading industry. 



In 1754 the French erected Fort 

 Duquesne on the present site of 

 Pittsburg. The following year the 

 fort was the objective of an ad- 

 vance by the British under General 

 Braddock, but the expedition 

 ended disastrously. In 1758 the 

 fort was captured by the British, 



