PLYMOUTH 



62O2 



PLYMPTON 



and desperately attacked by the 

 Royalists. Three members are re- 

 turned to Parliament. The muni- 

 cipality owns the tramways. The 

 town has " adopted " Estaires. In 

 1921 a memorial, a bronze group 

 of statuary, to the R.M.L.I. was 

 erected on the Hoe. Pop. 214,000. 

 See Devonport ; consult also His- 

 tory of Plymouth, R. N. Worth, 

 new ed. 1890. 



Plymouth. Town and port of 

 entry of Massachusetts, U.S.A., the 

 co. seat of Plymouth co. It stands 

 on Plymouth Harbour, a branch of 

 Massachusetts Bay, 36 m. S.E. of 

 Boston. It was the landing place 

 of the Pilgrim Fathers in 1620, 

 and the spot at which they dis- 

 embarked is marked by Plymouth 

 Rock, a granite boulder, now 

 covered by a fine granite canopy. 

 Other objects associated with the 

 Mayflower Pilgrims are a national 

 monument, 1858-88, and Pilgrim 

 Hall, which houses a collection of 

 relics. Pop. 13,000. See Pilgrim 

 Fathers. 



Plymouth. Borough of Penn- 

 sylvania, U.S.A., in Luzerne co. 

 It stands on the Susquehanna 



Plymouth, Massachusetts. The old burying ground in 

 which are buried some of the Pilgrim Fathers 



river, 4 m. W. of Wilkesbarre, and 

 is served by the Delaware, Lacka- 

 wanna, and Western Rly. It lies in 

 a valuable anthracite region, and 

 its chief industries are associated 

 with the working of coal. Plymouth 

 was settled in 1768, and was in- 

 corporated as a borougij in 1866. 

 Pop. 16,500. 



Plymouth, EARL OF. British 

 title borne since 1905 by the 

 family of Windsor-Clive. In 1675 

 Charles II gave this title to an 

 illegitimate son, but he died five 

 years later and it became extinct. 

 In 1682 it was bestowed on Thomas 

 Hickman-Windsor, Lord Windsor 

 of Stanwell, an old royalist who 

 had inherited his barony, one 

 dating from 1529, through his 

 mother. It was held by his de- 

 scendants until the 8th earl died in 

 1843, when it became extinct. The 

 barony remained in abeyance 

 until 1855, when it was awarded to 

 a descendant of the Windsors, 



Harriet, wife of Robert Henry 

 Clive, a son of the 1st earl of Powis. 

 In 1869 her grandson, Robert 

 George Windsor-Clive (1857-1923), 

 became 14th Baron Windsor, and 

 in 1905 earl of Plymouth. He 

 was first com- 

 missioner of works 

 1902-5. He owned 

 valuable land in 

 and around Car- 

 diff. The eldest 

 son is known as 

 Lord Windsor. 



Plymouth 

 Brethren. Pro- 

 testant sect, which 

 arose about 1830 

 in Plymouth and 

 Dublin. One of 

 its chief founders 

 was John Nelson 

 Darby (q.v. ), after 

 whom the Breth- 

 ren were formerly called Darbyites. 

 He gave up his position in the 

 Church and travelled about the 

 country, forming small societies of 

 Evangelical Christians for Bible 

 study and the promotion of spiri- 

 tual life. These gradually formed 



. small congrega- 



; tions, which met 

 in houses and halls 

 for worship. The 

 Plymouth Breth- 

 ren have no or- 

 ganic unity and no 

 creed. In doctrine 

 they are Calvin- 

 istic ; they usually 

 baptize by immer- 

 sion; and ob- 

 serve the " break- 

 ing of bread" 

 every Sunday. 

 They object to any 

 fixed ministry. 



Plymouth China. Variety of 

 chinaware. It is a hard paste bis- 

 cuit ware, in which kaolin and 

 flintstone are used, dipped in glaze, 

 and fired at a high temperature. 

 It was manufactured at Plymouth 

 by William Cooksworthy, from 

 1768-74. The table services, salt 

 cellars, and centre pieces gener- 

 ally bear rock-work and shell 

 decoration. See Pottery. 



Plymouth Rock. Popular 

 " utility " breed of fowls, originat- 

 ing in the U.S.A. from crossing a 

 Black Java hen with a Grey Dom- 

 inique cock. Robust, hardy birds, 

 their blue-grey plumage is uni- 

 formly barred with black ; the 

 bill, legs, and feet are yellow, and 

 the single comb is upright. Cocks 

 weigh 10 Ib. or 11 lb., and the 

 hens a couple of lb. less. Capital 

 layers, their eggs are large and 

 brown. The chickens are reared 

 easily and soon make good table 

 birds, though the flesh is not con- 



sidered so good as that of the 

 Houdan or the Dorking. See 

 Fowl, colour plate. 



Plymouth Sound. Deep inlet 

 of the English Channel, between 

 Cornwall and Devonshire. Into it 



Plympton, Devonshire. Church of S. Mary, in Plympton 

 St. Mary, from the south-west 



Frith 



flow the river Tamar from the W., 

 and the river Plym from the E. 

 The estuary of the Tamar, known 

 as the Hamoaze, is 4 m. long by J 

 m. wide, and is the chief anchorage 

 for war vessels in Plymouth Har- 

 bour ; while the estuary of the 

 Plym, called the Catwater, is a 

 capacious anchorage for mercantile 

 vessels. The sound is protected by 

 a breakwater nearly 1 m. long. 



Plympton. Market town of 

 Devonshire, England. It is 5 m. 

 from Plymouth on the Plym, and 

 consists of two adjacent places, 

 Plympton St. Mary and Plympton 

 St. Maurice, or Plympton Earl's. It 

 has a station on the G.W. Rly. 

 The buildings include a fine old 

 church, and a grammar school, at 

 which Sir Joshua Reynolds, who 

 was born here, was educated. 

 Plympton had a castle and an 

 Augustinian priory. It was made a 

 borough in the 13th century, and 

 from 1295-1832 sent members to 

 Parliament. One of the Stannary 

 towns, it had fairs and markets. Its 

 privileges as a borough were taken 

 away in 1859. Pop. 5,000. 



Plymouth Rock, cross between 

 Black Java and Grey Dominique 



