PONZA 



ponies of the Welsh hills. The vari- 

 ous native strains have been greatly 

 improved by the introduction of 

 thoroughbred blood and by selection 

 in breeding. The great aim of all 

 breeders is to combine smallness 

 and compactness with general use- 

 fulness. See Animal Intelligence; 

 Horse, and colour plate ; Polo. 



Ponza (anc. Pontiae). Chief 

 island of a small group in the Tyr- 

 rhenian Sea, belonging to Italy. It 

 is 70 m. W. of Naples, and has a 

 spacious harbour. The islands were 

 used in Roman times as a place of 

 banishment, and are still penal 

 settlements. Pop. 4,500. 



Pood OR PUD (Norse, pund, 

 pound). Russian measure of weight, 

 equal to 40 Russian or 36 English 

 pounds. About 62 poods make a ton. 



Poodle. Breed of dog com- 

 monly supposed to be of French 

 origin, but found in both Russia 

 and Germany. In France and 

 Russia the poodles are black, but in 

 Germany a white breed is found. 



The poodle is considered to be the 

 most intelligent of all dogs; it learns 

 tricks very readily. Essentially a 

 water dog, it makes one of the best 

 retrievers known, and in Germany 

 and France is largely employed in 

 the chase. In its natural state the 

 poodle has a very long coat, which 

 often hangs in cords and drags the 

 ground ; but the popular fashion is 

 to clip the hinder half of the body 

 and the legs and tail, leaving the 

 hair in tufts. See Dog, colour plate. 



Pool. Body of fresh water 

 smaller than a lake (q.v.). The 

 word is also used for the monetary 

 stake contributed by the various 

 players in card and other games, 

 and indeed for any common fund. 

 Such was the pool suggested in 

 1920-21 to assist the mining in- 

 dustry in Great Britain, and there 

 have been suggestions for a pool in 

 other industries, the idea being 

 that to it the state, the owners, and 

 the workers shall contribute. 



Pool. Game played on a billiard 

 table. It is played by any number 

 of players from two to twelve, each 

 having a differentcoloured ball dealt 

 out to him by the 

 marker, and play- 

 ing in turn accord- 

 ing to the sequence 

 of the colours onthe 

 scoring-board. The 

 object of the game 

 throughout is to 

 pocket the ball 

 played on. The 

 game begins by the 

 white ball being 

 placed upon the 

 billiard spot, and 

 the red ball is 

 played by its 

 owner, from the D, 



6249 



upon the white, the yellow on red, 

 green on yellow, and so on, by their 

 respective owners. When a player 

 pockets the ball which has come to 

 him in proper rotation, he plays upon 

 the ball nearest to the position where 

 his own has stopped, continuing 

 the process until he fails to score. 

 Each person contributes an equal 

 share to the pool, and starts with 

 three lives, losing a life and pay- 

 ing forfeit each time his ball is 



POOLE 



Poodle. Champion corded poodle ; top, right, white 

 miniature poodle 



pocketed by another player. A 

 player who loses all three lives may 

 under certain conditions " star," 

 i.e. purchase another life or lives 

 according to the state of the game. 

 The last player left in takes the 

 pool. See Billiards. 



Poole. Mun. borough, seaport 

 and market town of Dorset, Eng- 

 land. It stands on a peninsula, 5 

 m. from Bourne- 

 mouth and 113 



from London, 



with a station on 



the L. & S. W. 



Rly. The chief 



buildings are the 



town hall, dating 



Poole arms 



from 1761, school 

 of art, nautical 

 school, and several churches, and 

 the borough owns Branksome Park 



Poole, Dorsetshire. 



The Guildhall, built in 1761 



Frith 



and Poole Park. 

 There is some 

 shipping and a few 

 manufactures, in- 

 eluding pottery, 

 rope, and agricul- 

 tural implements. 

 During the Great 

 War shipyards were 

 established here. 

 The borough in- 

 cludes Branksome. 

 Poole was a flour- 

 ishing seaport in 

 the Middle Ages. A 

 borough in the 13th 

 century, it was 

 made a county of 

 itself in 1569, and 

 was separately re- 

 presented in Parliament until 1885. 

 Poole Harbour is an inlet of the 

 English Channel, about 7 m. long 

 and 4 m. broad. Within it is 

 Brownsea, or Branksea Island, on 

 which is a castle built in the 16th 

 century. Market day, Thurs. Pop. 

 (1921)43,661. 



Poole, SIR FREDERICK CUTHBERT 

 (b. 1869). British soldier. Born 

 Aug. 3, 1869, he was commissioned 

 in the R.G.A. at the age of twenty, 

 served in the Tirah Expedition, 

 1897-98 ; the South African War ; 

 Somaliland, 1903-4, and through- 

 out the Great War, being in com- 

 mand of the North Russian Expedi- 

 tionary force, 1918-19. Knighted in 

 1919, in 1920 he retired. -See Arch- 

 angel, Expedition of 1918. 



Poole, REGINALD STUART (1832- 

 95). British archaeologist. Born hi 

 London, Feb. 27, 1832, he resided 

 in Cairo, 1842- 

 49. He pub- 

 lished a chron- 

 ology of an- 

 cient Egypt, 

 1851 ; entered 

 the British 

 Museum coins 

 and medals de- 

 p a r t m e n t,- 

 1852, and be- Reginald S. Poole, 

 came keeper, Brit " h archaeologist 

 1870. He lee- Ellio " * fr 

 tured at University College and 

 ^the Royal Academy, London. He 

 died in London, Feb. 8, 1895. 



