POPE 



thus earned enabled him in 1718 

 to establish himself comfortably 

 with his mother in a villa on the 

 banks of the Thames at Twicken- 

 ham, where he lived for the last 26 

 years of his life, which came to an 

 end, May 30, 1744. 



At the Twickenham villa Pope's 

 chief diversion was landscape gar- 

 dening, while the visits of his 

 friends gave him great pleasure. 

 During the period in which he was 

 occupied with Homer he published 

 two powerful poems, the Elegy to 

 the Memory of an Unfortunate 

 Lady, and the Epistle of Eloisa to 

 Abelard ; he was also engaged on 

 an edition of Shakespeare. This 

 last work came in for unfavourable 

 criticism from a certain Lewis Theo- 

 bald, an indifferent man of letters, 

 but possessed of a sounder know- 

 ledge of Shakespeare than Pope. 

 This so annoyed Pope that he made 

 Theobald the hero of his great 

 satirical poem, The Dunciad, 1728. 

 The scheme of The Dunciad, namely 

 the castigation of all the literary 

 pretenders of the day, had long 

 been in Pope's mind, the idea 

 having been originally suggested 

 by Swift. A fourth book was 

 added to the original three 14 years 

 later, Colley Gibber being sub- 

 stituted for Theobald as the hero. 

 About 100 contemporary writers 

 are impaled in The Dunciad, but 

 unfortunately some of them, like 

 the scholar Bentley, were men of 

 real eminence. 



The concluding period of Pope's 

 life was occupied with the writing 

 of philosophical and critical poems, 

 of which the most notable is his 

 Essay on Man, 1733, which is an 

 exposition of the philosophy of 

 Bolingbroke and contains passages 

 of great eloquence. The influence 

 of Bolingbroke, with whom he had 

 become friendly, is also to be traced 

 in his Imitations of Horace and his 

 Moral Essays. 



It cannot be gainsaid that Pope 

 was of a quarrelsome disposition. 



Alexander Pope. 



6253 



He quarrelled with Addison when 

 the latter pronounced Tickell the 

 best translator of Homer ; he 

 quarrelled also with Lady Mary 

 Wortley Montagu, who called him 

 " the wicked wasp of Twicken- 

 ham," and with many others of 

 lesser note. Much may be forgiven 

 him, however, on account of his 

 health, and to the credit side must 

 be placed his uninterrupted friend- 

 ship with Swift and others. His 

 position as a poet has been the 

 subject of much controversy. His 

 technique is beyond praise ; he 

 handled the heroic couplet in- 

 herited from Dryden as no other 

 poet has done ; but he lacks 

 warmth of emotion, shows no real 

 feeling for nature, and even his 

 finest passages are rhetoric rather 

 than true poetry. See English 

 Literature. John McBain 



Bibliography. Works, including 

 Life by W. J. Courthope, 10 vols., 

 ed. J. W. Croker and W. Elwin, 

 1871-89 ; Lives, O. Ruff head, 1769 ; 

 L. Stephen, new ed. 1 888 ; The Age 

 of Pope, 1700-44, J. Dennis, repr. 

 1908 ; Mr. Pope, his life and times, 

 2 vols., G. Paston, 1909. 



Pope, JOHN( 1822-92). American 

 soldier. Born at Louisville, Ken- 

 tucky, March 16, 1822, he was 

 educated at 

 the military 

 academy at 

 WestPoint. He 

 served with 

 distinction in 

 the Mexican 

 War, and was 

 also engaged at 

 different times 

 o n surveying 

 and engineer- 

 ing work. Shortly after the outbreak 

 of the Civil War he was appointed 

 brigadier-general in 1861, and was 

 generally successful, until defeated 

 by Lee and Jackson at the second 

 battle of Bull Run, 1862. Pope 

 blamed McClellan and Fitz-John 

 Porter for his defeat, and the latter 

 was dismissed from the army. At 

 his own request, 

 however, Pope 

 was relieved of his 

 command, and 

 was transferred to 

 the North-West 

 Department t o 

 keep the Indians 

 in subjection. He 

 retired in 1886 and 

 died Sept. 23,1892. 

 Pope Joan. 

 Card game. It is 

 played with a full 

 pack, by any num- 

 ber of persons from 

 three to twelve. A 

 small round board, 



Entrance to the grotto in the poet'i villa d i v i d e d i n t o 

 at Twickenham various compart- 



John Pope, 

 American soldier 



POPERINGHE 



ments, specially made for the pur- 

 pose, is also required. The eight of 

 diamonds is first removed from the 

 pack. The dealer having been de- 

 termined, he dresses the board 

 (providing the stakes himself or 

 each player contributing a share) 

 by placing counters upon the 

 different divisions one each to 

 ace, king, queen, knave, and game ; 

 two to Matrimony, two to Intrigue, 

 and six to the nine of diamonds, 

 known as Pope. 



The cards are then dealt round, 

 with an extra hand left in the 

 middle of the table which forms 

 stops ; the last card being turned 

 for trumps. Also, the four kings 

 and the seven of diamonds are 

 always stops. If either ace, king, 

 queen, or knave is turned up for 

 trumps, the dealer is entitled to 

 whatever stake is contained in 

 either of those compartments upon 

 the board ; if Pope is the card 

 turned, the dealer appropriates all 

 these and game, including a stake 

 from each player for every card he 

 has had dealt him. 



Otherwise, the game begins 

 by the player on the left of 

 the dealer leading any card he 

 chooses, generally his lowest card 

 of any suit, at the same time 

 naming it, and playing out a 

 sequence, each player following on 

 until a stop occurs, the player of 

 the card forming the stop having 

 the next lead. This continues until 

 some player is out, i.e. has suc- 

 ceeded in getting rid of all his cards. 



The first person to accomplish 

 this is entitled to all the stakes 

 in the compartment marked game, 

 and also receives from the other 

 players a counter or stake for each 

 card left in their hands; only 

 the holder of Pope, if this card has 

 not been previously played, being 

 exempt from payment. Whenever 

 the ace, king, queen, or knave of 

 the trump suit is played during a 

 hand, the holder appropriates the 

 counters contained in the corre- 

 sponding compartments on the 

 board. Knave and queen of 

 trumps in one hand gives the 

 player of these cards a right to all 

 counters in the Intrigue division ; 

 and he who plays queen and king 

 takes all counters in the division 

 marked Matrimony. The player of 

 Pope profits in a corresponding 

 manner. See Joan ; consult also 

 Hoyle's Games Modernised, ed. E. 

 Bergholt, 1909. 



Poperinghe. Town of Belgium, 

 in the prov. of W. Flanders. 

 It stands on the Vleirbeck, a tribu- 

 tary of the Yser, 6 m. W. of Ypres. 

 The town is a hop-growing centre 

 and trades also in locally grown 

 tobacco, brewing, tanning, pottery, 

 and lace and woollen goods. The 



