PORT PIRIE 



6275 



Port Pirie. Seaport in S. 

 Australia. It stands on Spencer 

 Gulf, 154 m. by rly. N. of Adelaide. 

 It has smelting works for Broken 

 Hill mines, one of the largest silver- 

 lead works in the world. It exports 

 ore and wheat. Pop. 9,400. 



Portraiture. Generally, the re- 

 presentation of objects or persons 

 by drawing. The term is usually 

 applied to the art of drawing or 

 painting likenesses of persons. See 

 Art ; Miniature ; Painting. 



Portree. Seaport of Inverness- 

 shire, Scotland. It stands on Port- 

 ree Bay, on the W. side of the Isle 

 of Skye, 120 m. from Oban. The 

 capital of Skye, it is the chief busi- 

 ness centre of that island, and is 

 also visited by tourists. It has a 

 harbour, and has steamer com- 

 munication with the mainland. The 

 name is said to be derived from 

 Port a roi, given to it because James 

 V once landed here. Pop. 2,400. 



Portreeve (Lat. porta, gate). 

 English municipal officer. Until the 

 llth century the chief civil officer 

 of a mercantile town was called the 

 portreeve. The title was gradually 

 replaced by that of mayor. See 

 Sheriff. 



Port-Royal. Name of a famous 

 Cistercian convent in France and 

 of a school of theological thought 

 to which it gave rise. Founded in 

 1204 by Mathilde de Garlande, the 

 convent stood between Versailles 

 and Chevreuse, in the valley of the 

 Yvette. Early in the 17th century 

 it underwent a great revival under 

 Jacqueline Marie Angelique Ar- 

 nauld and members of her family, 

 who had the sympathetic support 

 of S. Francis de Sales, Blaise Pascal, 

 and others, and, removing to Paris 

 in 1626, in 1633 began a new life in 

 the Faubourg St. Jacques, Paris, 

 The convent there was known as 

 Port-Royal de Paris. 



A male community of recluses 

 being formed, the old building, 

 Port-Royal des Champs, was re- 

 stored for their accommodation, 

 and became a centre of Jansenism, 

 educational activity, in which the 

 Paris house joined, and anti-Jesuit 

 propaganda. In the intervals of 

 their devotional exercises, the re- 

 cluses of Port-Royal devoted 

 themselves to literary pursuits, 

 and agricultural and mechanical 

 labours. The system of teaching 

 the young the elements of learning, 

 and at the same time imbuing 

 their minds with a sense of piety, 

 was inspired by the Abb6 de St. 

 Cyran, one of the most notable of 

 Jansen's colleagues. Among other 

 distinguished students was Racine. 

 The teaching, a modified form of 

 Cartesianism, aimed more at moral 

 than at intellectual results, but 

 special attention was paid to the 



study of the 

 French language. 

 I n addition t o 

 Greek, Latin, and 

 Italian grammars, 

 the works issued 

 included the in- 

 fluential Art du 

 Penser, or Logique 

 d e Port-Royal, 

 1 659, in which 

 Antoine Arnauld 

 and Pierre Nicole 

 were chief col- 

 laborators. 



Political j e a 1- 

 ousy of its success 

 and ecclesiastical opposition to the 

 teaching of Port-Royal attracted 

 many powerful enemies, and 

 though Pascal and Anne of Bour- 

 bon, duchesse de Longueville, 

 succeeded in saving it for a time, 

 the recluses were eventually forced 

 to vacate Port-Royal des Champs 

 for Les Granges, a farm near by. 

 St. Cyran was accused of heresy, 

 and at the instance of Cardinal 

 Richelieu was imprisoned at Vin- 

 cennes, where he lingered for five 

 years, and survived his release only 

 by a few months. 



Finally, the remaining members 

 of Port-Royal having been expelled 

 without mercy in 1709, the build- 

 ings were destroyed, by order 

 of Louis XIV, Jan. 22, 1710. St. 

 Cyran and his associates were 

 accused of plotting the ruin of the 

 Roman Catholic Church ; all that 

 could be proved against them in 

 this connexion was that while they 

 held the pope infallible in matters 

 of faith, they thought he might be 

 deceived as to fact. See Arnauld ; 

 Jansenism ; Pascal ; consult also 

 Memoires pour servir a 1'histoire de 

 Port-Royal, A. Arnauld, ed. B. de 

 la Bruyere, 1742 ; Port-Royal, C. 

 Beard, 2 vols., 1861 ; Port-Royal, 

 C. A. Sainte-Beuve, 6th ed. 1901 ; 

 The Story of Port-Royal, E. Ro- 

 manes, 1907; The Nuns of Port- 

 Royal, M. E. Lowndes, 1909; 

 Little Schools of Port-Royal, H. C. 

 Barnard, 1913. 



Portrusb arms 



Port Said, Egypt. 

 Suez Canal ; 



Portrusb, Ireland. Ruins of Dunluce Castle, formerly 

 a stronghold of the earls of Antrim 



Port Royal. Seaport and naval 

 station of Jamaica, British W. 

 Indies. Situated at the end of a 

 long, sandy tongue of land en- 

 closing the harbour, 4 m. direct 

 S.W. of the capital, it is strongly 

 fortified, and has a royal naval 

 dockyard, arsenal, barracks, mili- 

 tary hospital, etc.. and is the 

 headquarters of the British naval 

 forces in the West Indies. The town 

 was destroyed by an earthquake in 

 1692, by fire ten years later, and by 

 a hurricane in 1722. 



Portrush. Urban dist., seaport, 

 and watering-place of co. Antrim, 

 Ireland. It stands on Ramore 

 Head, 67 m. from 

 Belfast, with a 

 station on the 

 Midland (North- 

 ern Counties of 

 Ireland) Rly. An 

 electric line con- 

 nects it with the 

 Giant's Cause- 

 way, 7 m. away, 



and near also are the ruins of Dun- 

 luce Castle. The buildings include 

 a town hall. Portrush has a har- 

 bour, and from here steamers go 

 regularly to Liverpool and Glas- 

 gow. For visitors there are goU 

 links and good bathing. Pop. 

 2,100. 



Port Said. Town in Egypt, at 

 the N. entrance of the Suez Canal. 

 It stands on land reclaimed from the 

 sea, and was founded in 1859, when 

 the first surveys 

 for the canal were 

 ' made. Here are 

 the offices of the 

 Suez Canal Co., 

 and various mer- 

 cantile and 

 steamship offices. 

 Port Said, named 

 after Said Pasha, 

 MMBMMMMMi the promoter of 

 the canal, is a 

 coaling station 

 and a shipping 

 centre. Pop. 

 54,000. See Suez 



Lighthouse near the entrance to tna Pron - 



the light is visible for 20 miles 



