POWIS 



6306 



POZZO Dl BORGO 



Sir Edward Poynter, 

 British painter 



Itussell 



Powis Castle, Montgomeryshire. The castle and banging 

 gardens, from across the lower lawn 



By courteiy of Country Lift. Lid, 



Powis OR POWYS CASTLE. Seat 

 of the earl of Powis. It is situated 

 in a fine park, 1 m. from Welsh- 

 pool, Montgomeryshire. Anciently 

 known as Castell Goch, or Red 

 Castle, being built of red sand- 

 stone, it was begun in 1109, dis- 

 mantled 1293, and has been re- 

 stored several times. The gateway is 

 flanked by massive round towers. 

 It has been a seat of the Herberts 

 since Elizabethan times. The 

 state bedroom in which Charles II 

 slept is preserved. 



Poy. Pseudonym of the British 

 cartoonist, Percy Button Fearon. 

 Bom in Shanghai, Sept. 6, 1874, 

 he studied art at New York and at 

 Herkomer's school at Bushey. His 

 first cartoons appeared in July, and 

 later he was on the staff of several 

 papers in Manchester. In July, 

 1913, he joined The Evening News, 

 in which he created a number of 

 popular pictorial figures, including 

 John Citizen and Dilly and Dally. 



Poynings, SIR EDWARD (1459- 

 1521). Lord deputy of Ireland and 

 originator of Poynings' Law (q.v.). 

 Born in Southwark, a connexion of resigned the presidentship of the 



the Pastons of Norfolk, he sup- - A - and ** Jul y 26 ' 1919 - See 



Catapult. 



Pozarevatz, POZAREVAC OR PAS- 

 SAREWITZ. Town of Serbia. It lies 

 S. of the Danube and between the 

 Morava and the Mlava, 12 m. E. 

 of Smederovo (Semendria), and 30 

 m. S.E. of Belgrade. Because of its 

 strategical importance in relation 

 to the Morava valley, the Serbs 

 turned it into a fortress. Here 

 peace was concluded July 21, 1718, 

 between Austria and Turkey, the 

 former receiving from the latter 

 part of Serbia, including Belgrade, 

 and parts of Rumania and Bul- 

 garia, but these later reverted to 

 Turkey. During the Great War, in 

 the Austro-German invasion of 

 Serbia, the fortress was captured 

 by the Germans, Oct. 14, 1915, after 

 a two days' assault. Pop. 13,000. 



Pozieres. Village of France, in 

 the dept. of Somme. It stood 4 

 m. E. of Albert, on rising ground 

 which gave the Germans valuable 



existing English 

 laws should be 

 deemed to be in 

 force in Ireland. 

 Poynings' Law 

 was not repealed 

 until 1782. See 

 Ireland. 



Poynter, SIR 

 EDWARD JOHN 

 (1836-1919). 

 British painter. 

 Born in Paris, 

 March 20, 1836, 

 son of Ambrose 

 Poynter, a r c h i- 

 tect, he began to 

 follow art in 

 England in 1 854. After studying in 

 Paris at the Beaux Arts and under 

 Gleyre, he settled in London in 1860. 

 In 1869 he was elected A.R.A., be- 

 coming R.A. in 1876, and succeed- 

 ing Millais as 

 president in 

 1896. He was 

 appointed first 

 Slade professor 

 a t University 

 College in 

 1871, and, 

 having been 

 principal pre- 

 viously of 'the 

 National Art 

 Training Col- 

 lege, S. Kensington, became di- 

 rector of the National Gallery in 

 1894 ; lie resigned this post in 

 1905. His election as P.R.A. 

 brought him a knighthood, and he 

 became a baronet in 1902. In addi- 

 tion to painting classic genre and 

 portraits in oil and water-colours, 

 he designed mural decorations at 

 S. Kensington, and mosaics at 

 the Houses of Parliament. He 



sup- 

 ported Buckingham's rebellion in 

 1483 by heading a rising in Kent, 

 but on the failure of the enterprise, 

 escaped into Brittany, where he 

 joined the forces of Henry, earl of 

 Richmond. With that prince he 

 landed at Milford Haven, Aug. 7, 

 1485, and was at once made a 

 knight banneret. After distin- 

 guished military services on sea 

 and land, against the intrigues of 

 Perkin Warbeck, he was appointed 

 lord deputy of Ireland in 1494. He 

 continued in active military and 

 diplomatic service until his death. 



Poynings' Law. Statute passed 

 by the Irish Parliament in 1494, 

 during the period in which Sir 

 Edward Poynings was acting as 

 lord deputy in Ireland for Henry 

 VII. It enacted that no measures 

 might be introduced into the Irish 

 Parliament without the previous 

 sanction of the English king and 

 his privy council ; also that all 



observation in the Somme battle 

 area. It was stormed by the 

 British 48th and 1st Australian 

 divisions, July 23-25, 1916, the 

 Anzacs rushing it on the latter date. 

 Lost in the spring of 1918, its 

 ruins were recovered by the British, 

 Aug. 24, 1918. The windmill, nearly 

 a mile to the N.E., was also the 

 scene of fighting in July-Aug., 

 1916. A cross erected on the ruins 

 of the village commemorates the 

 Australians who fell in its capture, 

 1916, and an official British 

 memorial is to be erected. See 

 Somme, Battles of the. 



Poznah. County of Poland. 

 Formerly known as Prussian or 

 German Poland, it comprised the 

 Prussian province of Posen. It ad- 

 joins Germany on the W. and con- 

 sists of the W. portion of the 

 Polish plains, here drained by the 

 Warta and Netze, which belong to 

 the river system of the Oder. 

 Sandy wastes alternate with fertile 

 stretches of loess ; pine forests 

 cover extensive areas ; rye, wheat, 

 barley, and sugar-beet are culti- 

 vated. Spirits, sugar, bricks, and 

 timber goods are the chief manu- 

 factures. Its area is 11,190 sq. m. 

 Pop. 2,100,000. See Posen. 



Pozoblanco. Town of Spain. In 

 the prov. of Cordova, it is 32 m. 

 from Cordova. It has manufac- 

 tures of woollens and leather, and 

 a trade in agricultural produce, 

 while famous fairs are held here. 

 Zinc and silver lead are mined in 

 the vicinity. Pop. 13,000. 



Pozsony. Magyar official name 

 for the city on the middle Danube, 

 formerly in Hungary, now in 

 Czecho-Slovakia (Bratislava), com- 

 monly known as Pressburg (q.v. ). 



Pozzo di Bnrgo, CARLO ANDREA, 

 COUNT (1764-1842). Russian 

 statesman. Born near Ajaccio, 

 March 8, 1764, 

 he became a 

 lawyer and in 

 1792 was a 

 delegate to 

 the national 

 assembly in 

 Paris. Coad- 

 jutor with 

 Paoli in the 



Count Pozzo di Borgo, government of 

 Russian statesman 



After Bayier 



London on Paoli' s fall, and in 1798 

 went to Vienna, where he mingled 

 in politics and exercised all his 

 power to thwart Napoleon. Enter- 

 ing the Russian diplomatic service 

 in 1804, he helped to conclude the 

 alliance with Austria, but the 

 Franco-Russian treaty of Tilsit 

 caused his retirement to Vienna, 

 whence, hounded by Napoleon, he 

 took refuge in London, remaining 

 there until recalled to Russia in 



Corsica, 1792- 

 96, he fled to 



