PRENZL-AU 



6317 



PREROV 



laboratory, school in which Spanish 

 is taught, suite of rooms for dis- 

 tinguished visitors, fencing school, 

 and restaurant. 



Prenzlau. Town of Prussia. 

 Germany. It stands at the N. end 

 of Lake Ucker, 68 m. from Berlin. 

 The chief building is the Gothic 

 church of S. Mary, a fine edifice 

 dating from the 14th century. 

 Among the industries are the 

 manufacture of cigars, sugar refin- 

 ing, and brewing. Prenzlau, which 

 became a town in 1235, was made 

 the capital of the Uckermark, and 

 was fortified about that time. 

 There are remains of its walls and 

 towers. In 1480 it became part of 

 Brandenburg. In Oct., 1806, 

 12,000 Prussians surrendered here 

 to Murat. Pop. 21,400. 



Preposition (Lat. praeponere, 

 to place before). In grammar, an 

 indeclinable part of speech pre- 

 ceding a noun or pronoun in a case 

 other than the nominative. It 

 serves to define the relation of 

 such noun or pronoun to some 

 other element of the sentence. 

 Prepositions are really adverbs, 

 and it is incorrect to speak of pre- 

 positions " governing " certain 

 cases. At first the meaning which 

 it was desired to express resided 

 in the case itself, but as the 

 case-suffix lost force and failed to 

 express the meaning with sufficient 

 exactness, an adverb was added to 

 strengthen it. The use of preposi- 

 tions in the formation of com- 

 pound verbs indicates their ad- 

 verbial origin. The term preposi- 

 tion is not altogether correct. In 

 earlier times it was sometimes a 

 postposition, placed after the noun, 

 as is the case now hi many lan- 

 guages. As a language passes from 

 the synthetic to the analytic stage, 

 the need for prepositions increases. 

 Thus, the dative magistro in Latin 

 requires in English three words, 

 to the master. See Grammar. 



Prepotency. Biological term 

 to express the fact that in the 

 breeding of animals certain indi- 

 viduals transmit their characters 

 to offspring more than others do. 

 The study of heredity shows that 

 dominating characteristics of in- 

 dividuals may be inherited by 

 their offspring by successive gene- 

 rations, to the exclusion of other 

 characteristics of the parents. 

 Thus, if a Highland heifer (long- 

 homed and light coloured) be 

 crossed with a Galloway bull (horn- 

 less and black), the offspring is 

 always indistinguishable from a 

 pure Galloway breed, the Gallo- 

 way characters being prepotent. 

 Galton showed that in horses the 

 characteristics of the sire were pre- 

 potent in most of the offspring. See 

 Heredity ; Mendelism. 



La Prensa. Head offices of the Ar- 

 gentine newspaper in Buenos Aires 



Pre-Raphaelites. Name given 

 to a group of British artists who 

 formed themselves into a " pre- 

 Raphaelite Brotherhood " in 1848. 

 W. Holman Hunt originated the 

 movement, and the brotherhood 

 included 1). G. Rossetti, J. E. 

 Millais, F. G. Stephens, T. Wool- 

 npr, W. H. Deverell, and J. Collin- 

 son. Launched as a revolt against 

 the academic standard of the day, 

 the movement aimed primarily at 

 a return to the simpler and more 

 natural ideals of art before Ra- 

 phael. Its expression was complex ; 

 realism (Hunt and Millais) and 

 romanticism (Rossetti) declared 

 themselves as two different ten- 

 dencies from the first ; but bril- 

 liant colour and a minutely de- 

 tailed technique were common to 

 all the principal exponents. Rus- 

 kin lent whole-hearted support, 

 Ford Madox Brown was an ally, 

 John Brett adopted the technique 

 in his seascape, and certain later 

 painters Burne-Jones, F. Shields, 

 Noel Paton among them pre- 

 served the pre-Raphaelite tradi- 

 tion. Millais seceded after a while ; 

 but Hunt adhered to the original 



Prerov, Czechoslovakia. General view of the town 



aim and method to the end of his 

 life. See Art ; Brown, Ford Madox ; 

 Burne-Jones ; Hunt, W. Holman. 

 Bibliography. Rossetti and the 

 Pre-Raphaelite Movement, E. Wood, 

 1894; English Pre-Raphaelite 



Painters, P. H. Bate, 2nd ed. 1901 ; 

 Pre-Raphaelitism and the P.R.B., 

 W. Holman Hunt, 1905. 



Prerogative (Lat. praerogare, 

 to ask before). In general, an ex- 

 clusive right or privilege belonging 

 to a person or body in virtue of his 

 or its status or character. Thus the 

 royal prerogative is the rights 

 claimed to be inherent in the 

 crown, either as established by 

 historic custom, or as given by 

 direct gift of God. The divine 

 origin of prerogatives, as claimed 

 by the Stuarts, was an important 

 issue in the political philosophy of 

 the 17th and 18th centuries. At 

 the present day the royal prero- 

 gative includes such powers as 

 those of declaring war, summoning 

 and dismissing parliament, creating 

 peers, and pardoning offenders. In 

 theory, the royal prerogative has 

 an extremely wide range of power, 

 but in practice it is exercised only 

 through the privy council or the 

 cabinet. The crown enjoys many 

 personal rights and privileges by 

 prerogative, such as personal 

 irresponsibility for crime, exemp- 

 tion from taxation, etc. 



The prerogative court was an 

 ecclesiastical court for testament- 

 ary cases. Those of the archbishops 

 of Canterbury and York had their 

 jurisdiction transferred to the 

 court of probate in 1857. Prero- 

 gative writs are in the nature of 

 commands for the better execution 

 of justice or the protection of the 

 liberty of the subject, issued by 

 order of the judges of the court of 

 king's bench. The principal of 

 these are writs of Habeas Corpus, 

 Mandamus, Certiorari, and Quo 

 Warranto. These are issued only on 

 proper cause shown to the court. 

 See Divine Right ; King ; Writ. 



Prerov OR PEER AD. Town of the 

 republic of Czecho-Slovakia. In 

 the Moravian division, it is 15 m. 

 S.E. of Olomouc 

 ^Olmutz). It con- 

 tains a Gothic 

 town hall and an 

 old castle once 

 the residence of 

 King Matthias 

 Corvinus, and 

 has m a n u f a c- 

 tures of woollens, 

 beet sugar, and 

 farm imple- 

 ments. Prerov 

 was formerly 

 the headquarters 

 of the Moravian 

 Brethren. Pop. 

 20,000. 



