PROBUS 



634'6 



PROCLAMATION 



mouth. In the female it is smaller, 

 while in young specimens it is 

 turned upwards. The monkey is 

 about 30 ins. long in body, with a 

 tail of about 26 ins. The hair is 

 chestnut on the head and back, and 

 yellow elsewhere. The face is 

 naked, surrounded with a fringe of 

 outstanding hair. These monkeys 

 are usually found in large com- 

 panies in the woods, but little is 

 known of their food or habits. 



Probus, MARCUS AUREUTJS. 

 Roman emperor (A.D. 276-82). A 

 native of Pannonia, he entered the 

 military service 

 of Rome, and 

 became Aure- 

 lian's most dis- 

 tinguished 

 general. On the 

 death of the em- 

 peror Tacitus 

 be was pro- 

 claimed emper- 

 or by the armies 

 of the east, 

 where he was 

 in chief command. He proved an 

 excellent ruler and an able general, 

 defeating the Germans on the 

 Rhine, and restoring order in 

 Egypt and Gaul. He was prepar- 

 ing an expedition against Persia 

 when he was murdered at Sirmium 

 by his own soldiers, who resented 

 the severity of his discipline. 



Probyn, SIR DIGHTON MACNAGH- 

 TEN ( 1833-1924). British courtier. 

 Born Jan. 21, 1833, he entered the 

 army in 1849, 

 and saw ser- 

 vice in the In- 

 dian Mutiny, 

 1857-58, win- 

 ning the V.C. 

 in the latter 

 year. He also 

 served in 

 China, I860, 

 and on the 

 North-West 

 frontier, 1863. 



Marcus Amelias 



Probus. 

 Roman Emperor 



From a coin 



Sir Dighton Probyn 

 British courtier 



Equerry to the 

 Prince of Wales (Edward VII) 

 1872-77, he remained in his service 

 in various capacities until the 

 king's death, 1910, when he con- 

 tinued as comptroller to the house- 

 hold of Queen Alexandra. Knighted 

 in 1876, he died June 20, 1924. 



Procedure (Lat. procedere, to go 

 forward). Legal term for the man- 

 ner in which suits, actions, and 

 prosecutions are conducted in 

 courts of law. Procedure is regu- 

 lated in courts of common law by 

 the Common Law Procedure Acts 

 of 1852, 1854, and 1860; in the 

 high court and court of appeal by 

 the rules of the supreme court, 

 supplementing and supplemented 

 by various Judicature Acts ; and in 

 equity by Chancery Acts and orders. 

 See Parliament 



Process. Term in English law 

 denoting the various steps taken in 

 legal proceedings, such as the issue 

 of a writ of summons, the issue of a 

 writ of execution, and the like. 

 When legal proceedings are taken 

 which are found to be, on the face 

 of them, not taken for the purpose 

 of establishing a legal claim, but 

 merely to vex and annoy the de- 

 fendant, or to compel him to pay 

 money or damages when obviously 

 none are claimable, the court will 

 summarily dismiss such proceed- 

 ings, on the ground that they 

 constitute an abuse of process of 

 the court. The jurisdiction to 

 stop such proceedings is inherent 

 in all courts, and is based on prin- 

 ciples of elementary justice. In 

 Scots law process is a summary 

 warrant for imprisonment issued 

 on the application of the clerk of 

 court against a party who refuses 

 to return a process borrowed from 

 the court. 



Process Engraving. General 

 term embodying all processes of 

 photo-mechanical reproduction, 

 i.e. making of printing surfaces, 

 blocks, or mechanically-engraved 

 plates by photographic agency. It 

 supplanted the wood block en- 

 graver in the case of letterpress 

 relief printing ; by its means photo- 

 gravure printing has only become 

 possible as produced to-day, and 

 in the practice of lithography its 

 adoption has resurrected a method 

 of colour printing that began to 

 show signs of obsolescence in 

 favour of the first two. 



Excluding mammoth posters, 

 the aid of process engraving is 

 evoked in some manner or other 

 for all modern illustrations and 

 reproductions ; it is the initial 

 stage whereby it is possible to dup- 

 licate a subject or a photograph in 

 hundreds of thousands ; excepting 

 the hand-drawn colour diagram 

 facing page 4917 in this Encyclo- 

 pedia, every single illustration, 

 map, colour-plate, also the cover, 

 has been duplicated from the 

 original by process engraving in a 

 fraction of the time and at a tithe 

 of the cost of the wood engraver or 

 the lithographic draughtsman. See 

 Colour-printing ; Half-tone ; In- 

 taglio; Lithography; Newspaper; 

 Photo-lithography ; Printing. 



Procession (Lat. processus, pro- 

 ceeding). Term used for a march 

 or progress of a ceremonial kind, 

 e.g. in the United Kingdom the 

 procession of the king and his 

 train to open Parliament. It is 

 used for the march of any organized 

 body, but usually suggests an 

 occasion of rejoicing. 



Processions, which were' very 

 elaborate among the Greeks and 

 Romans, have always played a 



great part in religious ceremonial. 

 They were introduced into the 

 Christian Church at an early date, 

 and are still generally used in 

 the Roman Catholic and Greek 

 churches. The Roman Catholic 

 Church lays down rules for pro- 

 cessions which are held on feast 

 days and other occasions. They 

 frequently take the form of an 

 ordered march through the town 

 or village, the cross and sometimes 

 the host being carried. 



The reformed churches make far 

 less use of this form of ceremonial, 

 which was to a great extent abol- 

 ished at the Reformation. Proces- 

 sions exist, however, in the Luther- 

 an Church, especially funeral pro- 

 cessions. In the Church of England, 

 too, the funeral procession has al- 

 ways been recognized. The Oxford 

 Movement led to the revival of 

 other processions, and to-day in 

 most episcopal churches the clergy 

 and choir enter and leave the 

 church in procession, sometimes 

 carrying the cross, in high churches 

 with a more elaborate ritual. The 

 hymn sung on these occasions is 

 called the processional hymn. 



In theology, the procession of the 

 Holy Ghost is the emanation of the 

 Holy Spirit from God. In the 

 U.S.A. processioning is the term 

 used for a periodical survey of 

 boundaries, the official charged 

 therewith being the processioner. 

 See Pageant. 



Procida (anc. Prochyta). Small 

 island at the N.W. end of the Bay 

 of Naples. It lies between Cape 

 Miseno and Ischia, 12 m. S.W. of 

 Naples. Of volcanic origin, its out- 

 line is very irregular ; its length is 

 about 2 m. The vine is cultivated 

 and fruit is grown ; coral is also 

 produced. The neighbouring 

 waters are prolific in tunny and 

 sardines. The town of Procida, on 

 the E. coast, has a castle, now 

 used as a prison, and a royal 

 palace. Procida was occupied by 

 the British during the Napoleonic 

 wars. It is said to have received 

 its ancient name from having been 

 formed by eruption from Vesuvius 

 (Gr. prochytos, poured forth). Pop. 

 (town) 4,600. 



Proclamation (Lat. pro, be- 

 fore ; clamare, to cry aloud). Public 

 announcement by royal authority 

 of anything which the sovereign 

 thinks proper to notify to the 

 people. By extension the word is 

 used of that which is so advertised, 

 a public ordinance. 



Proclamations emanate from the 

 king in council, are issued under the 

 great seal, and are read aloud in the 

 capitals of the united kingdoms by 

 the heralds, p -eluded by a fanfare 

 of trumpets, and by other specially 



