PUELCHE 



and New Mexico. For the former 

 eeHopi; the latter number (1915) 

 9,966. A pueblo usually comprises 

 a many-chambered stone or adobe 

 edifice of six or seven storeys, the 

 roofs forming receding terraces. 

 The cliff-dwelling and the Mexican 

 casa grande represent early types 

 of the pueblo culture, developed 

 under the economic pressure of a 

 deficient vater supply. Monogamy 

 prevails. The women build the 

 nouses, and make the best N. 

 American pottery ; the men cul- 

 tivate crops and are the best N. 

 American weavers. Their elaborate 

 ceremonials, in underground halls 

 (kivas), are mainly rainmaking 

 rites. See American Indians ; Zuni. 



Puelche. South American Indian 

 tribe in Central Argentina. An off- 

 shoot of the Chilean Araucanians, 

 they intermingled with the Pam- 

 pas Indians and the Patagonians, 

 and produced various hybrid 

 strains to which their name is 

 loosely applied. Mostly wild, 

 nomad horsemen, they migrated 

 beyond the Rio Negro. 



Puente del Inca (Sp., Inca 

 bridge). Frontier post of W. 

 Argentina, about 70 m. W. of 

 Mendoza. It is on the route of the 

 Andean pass of Uspallata (q.v.), 

 which is traversed by the Trans- 

 ni!' line Rly. to Valparaiso. 



Puente Genii. Town of Spain, 

 in the prov. of Cordova. It stands 

 on the river Genii, 48 m. by rly. S. 

 of Cordova, and is a junction for 

 the rly. to Jaen. The name is de- 

 rived from a bridge (Sp. puente) 

 over the Genii, uniting the old, 

 higher town with the lower. It 

 manufactures olive oil, flour, and 

 linen goods. Pop. 14,200. 



Puente National (Span., nation- 

 al bridge). Town of Colombia, S. 

 America, in the prov. of San- 

 tander. It stands on the Suarez, 

 about 100 m. N. of Bogota, and 

 has coat and iron mines, and some 

 minor manufactures. Pop. 16,000. 



Puerperal Fever (Lat. puer, 

 child ; parere, to bear). Form of 

 blood poisoning due to infection 

 by micro-organisms during or 

 shortly after the process of child- 

 birth. This disease was at one 

 time very common, and was 

 responsible for a high mortality 

 among mothers. The use of anti- 

 septic methods, entailing scrupu- 

 lous cleanliness on the part of 

 doctor and midwife, and thorough 

 sterilisation of all instruments and 

 appliances used, has reduced the 

 incidence of the affection to a very 

 low figure. See Obstetrics. 



Puerperal Insanity. Name 

 given to mental derangement 

 associated with pregnancy or 

 parturition. The conditions which 

 most frequently predispose towards 



6392 



puerperal insanity are hereditary 

 influences, seduction, shame, shock, 

 and exhaustion following disease, 

 frequent pregnancies, or prolonged 

 lactation. The liability to insanitj' 

 is greater in the first pregnancy 

 than in succeeding ones. Four 

 divisions are generally recognized : 

 insanity of pregnancy, insanity of 

 labour, insanity of the puerperium, 

 and insanity of lactation. 



Insanity of pregnancy first 

 manifests itself about the third 

 month, and most frequently takes 

 the form of melancholia. Some- 

 times it is associated with a firm 

 belief that the confinement will be 

 fatal. Delusions and hallucina- 

 tions may appear, and the woman 

 may show a strong aversion to her 

 husband. There is considerable 

 risk of suicide in this condition. 



Puente del Inca, Argentina. Nat- 

 ural rock bridge on the road from 

 Argentina to Chile 



In regard to the second divis- 

 ion, insanity of labour, violent 

 delirium occasionally occurs during 

 the process of labour if the pains 

 are severe, particularly if the 

 woman is alone and without assist- 

 ance. Recovery, as a rule, occurs 

 rapidly after the 

 child is born. 



Insanity of the 

 puerperium is in- 

 sanity developing 

 within the first two 

 months after de- 

 livery. The form 

 may be either mania 

 or melancholia. Soon 

 after delivery there 

 may be acute de- 

 ' 1 i r i u m, generally 

 passing off in a few 

 days or weeks. Pre- 

 monitory symptoms 

 are insomnia and 

 irritability. Hostility 



PUERTO CABELLO 



may be displayed towards the 

 husband, nurse, or child. Delus- 

 ions and hallucinations may be 

 present. Suicide or injury to the 

 child may be attempted. 



The term insanity of lactation 

 is applied when the symptoms 

 begin from two to eighteen months 

 after delivery. Melancholia is the 

 most frequent type, sometimes in- 

 terrupted by periods of excite- 

 ment. See Insanity. 



Puerperium. Period following 

 the birth of an infant during which 

 the mother is recovering from the 

 effects of labour. It may be re- 

 garded as extending in normal 

 cases over five or six weeks. 

 During this period the uterus or 

 womb undergoes involution, i.e. 

 gradual reduction in size, and the 

 secretion of milk in the breasts 

 becomes established. The puerper- 

 ium is a physiological state, and 

 although the woman * requires 

 special attention and care during 

 this time, it should not be regarded 

 as identical with illness. The pulse 

 after delivery is usually slower than 

 normal, and the temperature may for 

 a few days be raised to 100. Slight 

 disturbance may cause the tem- 

 perature to rise readily to 101 F. 

 or 102 F., but if the rise persists 

 for any length of time, it may be 

 a sign that untoward develop- 

 ments are occurring, necessitating 

 careful examination. The mother 

 should keep to her bed until from the 

 tenth to the fourteenth day, and 

 thereafter should daily accustom 

 herself to gradually increasing 

 physical effort. See Obstetrics. 



Puerto Barrios. Seaport of 

 Guatemala, Central America. It 

 stands on Amatique Bay, an inlet of 

 the Caribbean Sea, has a sheltered 

 harbour, and is the terminus of the 

 rly. which connects with the ruined 

 city of Guatemala la Nueva, and 

 thence to the Pacific. In 1917 a 

 rly. line to Manoca (12 m.) was 

 opened. 



Puerto Cabello. Seaport" of 

 Venezuela, in the state of Cara- 

 bobo. It stands on the Golfo 



Puerto Cabello. Main street of the Venezuelan town 



