PUSH-BALL 



Push-Bail. Game invented by 

 M. G. Crane, of Massachusetts, in 

 1894. It was introduced into 

 Great Britain and played at tho 

 Crystal Palace, London, in 1902, 

 but never became popular. There 

 are two sides of 11 players each, 

 divided into forwards, right wings, 

 left wings, and goalkeeper. The 

 goalposts are 18 ft. high and 20 ft. 

 apart, with a crossbar at the height 

 of 7 ft. from the ground. The ball 

 used is 6 ft. in diameter, and 

 weighs 50 Ib. The playing area 

 measures 140 yds. by 50 yds. 

 Pushing the ball under the bar 

 counts five points, and eight points 

 are scored if it is thrown over the 

 crossbar. A variety of push-ball 

 has been played at military tourna- 

 ments in London. 



Pushkin, ALEXANDER SERGEYE- 

 VITCH (1799-1837). Russian poet. 

 He was born at Pskov, Mav 26, 

 1799. "His 

 father was a 

 member of an 

 old noble 

 family, and his 

 mother a 

 granddaughte r 

 of Abraham 

 Petrovitch 

 Hannibal, the 

 negro fav- 

 ourite and 

 godson o f 

 Peter the Great. He was educated 

 at the lyceum at Tsarskoye-Selo, 

 and was early noted for his mastery 

 of languages and his wide reading. 

 His first poems were published 

 when he was fifteen, and he 

 entered the civil service in 1817. 



In 1820 his fairy-tale poem, 

 Ruslan and Lyudmila, gave him 

 immediate fame, but in the same 

 year he was banished to Bessarabia 

 on account of some outspoken 

 verses, circulated in MS. Visiting 

 the Caucasus, he found inspiration 

 for much fresh work, notably The 

 Prisoner of the Caucasus, 1822. In 

 1824 an intercepted letter, in 

 which he spoke slightingly of 

 religion, caused his banishment to 

 his father's estate in the prov. of 

 Pskov, and there for two years he 

 wrote much of his best work, in- 

 cluding a large part of the auto- 

 biographical poem, Eugene Onegin, 

 and his great tragedy, Boris 

 Godunov, 1825. In 1826 he was 

 pardoned by the tsar and allowed 

 to return to St. Petersburg. Pol- 

 tava, 1828, was a fine narrative 

 poem, including an account of 

 Mazeppa, differing widely from 

 that of Byron. 



In 1831 Pushkin married Natalia 

 Gontcharev, and in 1832 published 

 the completed Eugene Onegin, 

 Byronic in form but essentially 

 Russian in spirit (Eng. trans. 



Push-ball. A run by England in tbe England v. America 

 match at Headingley, Aug. 23, 1902 



H. Spalding, 18S1). He was 

 appointed historiographer to the 

 crown, and wrote a History of the 

 Revolt of Pugachev, 1833, and a 

 short novel of the same period, 

 The Captain's Daughter, 1836, 

 translated into English in Poush- 

 kin's Prose Tales, by T. Kean, 

 1894. He was wounded in a duel, 

 Jan. 27, 1837, and died two days 

 later. During his short life Pushkin 

 wrote much, despite a fondness for 

 society and periods of dissipation ; 

 and with his great play, his narra- 

 tive poems, his lyrics, epigrams, 

 and tales he occupies one of the 

 highest positions in Russian litera- 

 ture. See Selections from the 

 Poems of Pushkin, translated by 

 I. Panin, 1888; Russian Poets and 

 Poems, N. Jarintzov, vol. i, 1917. 



Pushtu OR PASHTO. Language 

 spoken by the Pathan peoples of 

 the Indian North-West Frontier 

 Province, Baluchistan, and Afghan- 

 istan E. of the Helmund. Spoken 

 in India (1911) by 1,554,465, and 

 outside British territory by a 

 number estimated (1891) at 

 2,359,000, it is essentially Iranian, 

 with an admixture of Indo- Aryan 

 words. The N.E. or hard Pukhtu 

 dialect of Peshawar is allied to 

 sub-dialects in Buner, Swat, and 

 Bajaur, and to those of the 

 Yusufzai, Orakzai, Ghilzai, Moh- 

 mands, and Afridi. The S.W. or 

 soft Pushtu dialect is also highly 

 differentiated, in Bannu, Waziris- 

 tan, and Kandahar. The literature, 

 traceable back to the 15th century, 

 embraces history and ballad poetry. 

 See Iranian; Pathan. 



Pussyfoot. Name given to the 

 advocate of prohibition, VV. E. 

 Johnson. It is supposed to be due 

 to his silent methods of tracking 

 down offenders against the law, 

 when he was engaged in suppressing 

 the liquor trade in Indian terri- 

 tory. To-day those who advocate 

 prohibition are sometimes called 

 Pussyfoots. See Johnson, W. E. ; 

 Prohibition. 



Pustule. Swell- 

 ing of the skin con- 

 taining pus or mat- 

 ter. See Smallpox. 

 Pusztas. Tem- 

 perate grasslands 

 of the Hungarian 

 plains. Formerly 

 almost entirely 

 devoted to stock- 

 rearing, the 

 pusztas have now 

 become one of the 

 chief wheat-pro- 

 ducing regions 

 of Europe. Hun- 

 garian wheat and 

 Hour are among 

 the finest in the 

 w o r Id. Horse- 

 rearing is an occupation in the 

 drier parts. See Alfold ; Steppe. 



Puteaux. Residential suburb 

 of Paris, opposite the Bois de 

 Boulogne. In the dept. of Seine, 

 it stands on the left bank of the 

 Seine about 6 m. W. of Paris, 

 and has important calico and dye 

 works and chemical factories. 

 Pop. 32,000. 



Putlog OR PUTLOCK. Horizontal 

 piece of timber inserted into holes 

 in masonry for the purpose of 

 supporting scaffolding (q.v.). 



Putnam, GEORGE HAVEN (b. 

 1844). American author and 

 publisher. Born in London, April 2, 

 1844, he was 

 educated at 

 Columbia 

 gram ma r 

 school, New 

 York, the Sor- 

 bonne, Paris, 

 and Gottingen 

 University. He 

 served in the 

 G. H. Putnam, 176th New 

 American pubhsher York Cava , ry 



during the Civil War, and was a 

 piisoner at Libby and Danville, 

 1864-65. President of G. P. Put- 

 nam's Sons, publishers, he did much 

 to promote the American copy- 

 right bill of 1891. His books include 

 Authors and Publishers, 1883 ; 

 The Question of Copyright, 1891 ; 

 Authors and Their Public in 

 Ancient Times, 1893 ; Books and 

 Their Makers in tho Middle .\<:os, 

 1896; Abraham Lincoln, 1909; 

 and two volumes of Memories, 

 1914 and 1915. 



Putney. London suburb. Situ- 

 ated on the Thames, S. of Fulham, 

 and in the co. of Surrey, it forms 

 part of the met. bor. of Wands- 

 worth, is 6 m. from Waterloo on the 

 L. & S.W. Rly., and has a station. 

 East Putney, on the District Rly., 

 and mo tor-' bus and tramway 

 connexion with the city and sur- 

 rounding districts. The parish 

 church of S. Mary, by the bridge, 



