QUANTUM MERUlt 



6428 



QUARRYING 



Quantum mcruit (Lai.). Old 

 English common law term. When 

 a person has doYie work for another 

 on the promise of payment, but 

 fails to establish that the employer 

 agreed to pay him a specific sum, he 

 is entitled to recover quantum 

 meruit, i.e. as much as he has 

 deserved. 



Quaiiza. Variant spelling of the 

 West African river Kwanza (q.v.). 

 Qu'appclle. Town of Saskat- 

 chewan, Canada. It is 320 m. W. of 

 Winnipeg and 32 from Regina, on 

 the C.P. Rly. It is the centre of a 

 prosperous farming district, and 

 has elevators and a lumber yard. 

 About 20 m. away is Fort Qu'Ap- 

 pelle, an old post of the Hudson's 

 Bay Co., which gives its name to 

 the town. 



Quarantine (Fr. quarantaine, 

 period of 40 days). Period during 

 which ships, goods, or persons com- 

 ing from countries where infectious 

 disease prevails are interdicted 

 from communication with the 

 shore. The term is derived from 

 the fact that usually the period 

 was made to cover 40 days. Origin- 

 ally instituted as a protection 

 against the importation of plague, 

 and later employed as a defence 

 against cholera and yellow fever, 

 quarantine in the old sense is now 

 abolished hi Great Britain, the 

 Quarantine Act of 1825, which 

 embodied the earlier regulations 

 on the subject, having been re- 

 pealed and replaced by the 

 Public Health Act, 1904, which 

 enables the ministry of health, 

 after consultation with the board 

 of trade, to make regulations to 

 carry into effect conventions for 

 preventing danger to public health 

 from vessels and the conveyance of 

 infection by vessels. International 

 conventions govern the concerted 

 action of most of the other Powers. 

 There are also, in Great Britain, 

 regulations under which dogs im- 

 ported from abroad are kept in 

 quarantine for a definite period. 



Quaritch, BEKNABD (1819-99). 

 British bookseller and publisher. 

 Born at Worbis, in Saxony, of 

 Slavonic origin, 

 April 23, 1819, 

 he settled in 

 London in 

 1842 and was 

 naturalised i n 

 1847. After 

 working with 

 the publishing 

 house of Bohn, 

 and in Paris, he 

 started as a 

 second-hand bookseller in London, 

 at Castle Street, Leicester Square, 

 removing in 1860 to Piccadilly, 

 where he made his business one of 

 the chief book buying centres of the 



Bernard Quaritch, 

 British bookseller 



Bernard A. Quaritch, 

 British bookseller 



world. A collector of fine dis- 

 crimination and much boldness, 

 his purchases at the Sunderland 

 sale, 1882, were memorable. He 

 issued valuable catalogues and 

 published many learned works. 

 The early editions of FitzGerald's 

 Omar Khayyam were published 

 by him. He died at Hampstead, 

 Dec. 17, 1899. 



Quaritch, BERNARD ALFRED 

 (1871-1913). British bookseller 

 and publisher. Son of Bernard 

 Quaritch, h e 

 was born 

 Jan. 13, 1871, 

 and educated 

 a t Charter- 

 house, joining 

 h i s father's 

 business in 

 1889. Like his 

 father, he 

 proved an able 

 collector, at- 

 tended the Hoe sale, in New York, 

 and paid 1,700 for a first folio 

 Shakespeare at Christie's in 1899. 

 In 1907 he moved the seat of his 

 business from Piccadilly to Grafton 

 Street. He died at Brighton, 

 Aug. 27, 1913. 



Quarles, FRANCIS (1592-1644). 

 English poet. Born at Romford, 

 Essex, May 8, 1592, a member of a 

 very old family, 

 he was edu- 

 c a t e d at 

 Christ's Col- 

 lege, Cam- 

 bridge, and 

 Lincoln's Inn. 

 Appointed i n 

 1613 c u p- 

 bearer to Eliza- 

 beth of Bo- 

 hemia, daugh- 

 ter of James I, he accompanied her 

 to Germany. Secretary to Arch- 

 bishop Ussher in 1629, he was 

 chronologer to the city of London 

 from 1639 until his death, Sept. 8, 

 1644. He was buried in the church 

 of S. Olave, Silver Street. A 

 Royalist, who wrote several pam- 

 phlets denouncing Parliament, with 

 the result that his MSS. were de- 

 stroyed by its soldiers, Quarles was 

 a voluminous author. He is best re- 

 membered by his Emblems (moral 

 and religious verse), 1635, and 

 especially by his prose Enchiridion, 

 1641, a collection of notable essays 

 and aphorisms. He left a pleasant 

 memory in the minds of all who 

 knew him, and while one of the 

 metaphysical poets, full of strained 

 conceits, and something of a Puri- 

 tan, he possessed a lively fancy and 

 much felicity of expression. See 

 Works, ed. A. B. Grosart, 1880-81. 

 Quarnero, GULF OF. Arm of 

 the Adriatic Sea. E. of the penin- 

 sula of Istria, Italy, it stretches 



Francis Quarles, 

 English poet 



to the shore of Croatia, Yugo- 

 slavia, and contains the islands of 

 Veglia, Arbe, Cherso, and Lussin. 

 Fiume is the only good harbour on 

 the entire coast. 



Quarrel (from late Lat. quad- 

 rellus, a little square). Short and 

 heavy arrow or bolt, shot from a 

 crossbow. It had a squared head 

 terminating in four points. A 

 glazier's diamond is called a quar- 

 rel. See Arbalest ; Crossbow. 



Quarry Bank. Urban dist. and 

 parish of Staffordshire, England. 

 It is 1 m. S.E. of Brierley Hill. 

 Situated in the Black Country, it 

 is chiefly interested in coal-mining 

 and iron -working. Pop. 7,400. 



Quarrying. Removal of por- 

 tions of rock from open pits or 

 caverns cut in the earth for that 

 purpose. The word quarry, and its 

 French equivalent carriere, are con- 

 nected with the Lat. quadratics, 

 squared, denoting a quarry as a 

 place from which squared stones 

 are cut. 



Methods of quarrying depend 

 mainly on the position of the rock, 

 its hardness, its structure, and the 

 purpose for which it is required. 

 A hill slope is the best site for a 

 quarry, for its floor is not then 

 sunk below the general surface of 

 the ground, and there is no diffi- 

 culty in raising the cut stone to 

 that level. Since the stone, when 

 required for building, must be cut 

 out in blocks, use is made of natural 

 planes of weakness, as bedding 

 planes, joints, or cleavage ; but 

 where no such natural joints exist, 

 the rock has to be cut. To do this, 

 lines of holes are made with picks, 

 and wedges driven into them until 

 the rock splits. Another method is 

 to drill holes elongated in the 

 direction of the proposed cut, and 

 to charge them with explosives. 

 Blasting, however, must be con- 

 ducted with great care when build- 

 ing stones are concerned, lest it 

 shatter the rock. High explosives 

 are used for blasting hard rocks 

 when large quantities of material 

 are required, and the size of the 

 blocks is unimportant, as when 

 road stone is quarried. 



The plan on which the quarry is 

 opened is important, and in many 

 large quarries the stone is cut out 

 so that the face of the quarry, 

 i.e. the cut surface of the rock, is 

 stepped or terraced. This method 

 allows the quarrying to proceed 

 simultaneously at several levels, 

 and prevents dangerous falls of 

 overhanging rock. In order that 

 several gangs of men may work at 

 once, the so-called stepped long- 

 walled method is often adopted, 

 the face of each terrace being cut 

 in several vertical planes, each a 

 little farther back than the last, 



