QUEBEC ACT 



6435 



QUEEN ANNE 



to the spot, about 1| m. above the 

 city, selected for a landing, and in 

 the early morning of the 13th they 

 disembarked and ascended a narrow 

 path to the heights above the river. 

 The French were soon in battle 

 order, and the engagement took 

 place on the Heights of Abraham. 

 The British fire soon broke the 

 French line and the latter fled into 

 the city, the British following until 

 stopped by the guns of the garri- 

 son. Both the leaders, Wolfe and 

 Montcalm, were killed. The British 

 remained in possession, and on the 

 17th Quebec surrendered. See 

 Abraham, Heights of ; Wolfe. 



Quebec Act. Measure passed 

 into law in 1774, which dealt with 

 the government of the province of 

 Quebec, annexed by Great Britain 

 eleven years before. The Act 

 extended the area of the province, 

 taking in a large tract of land N. 

 of the St. Lawrence, previously 

 part of Newfoundland. Roman 

 Catholics were confirmed in the 

 freedom of worship they had 

 enjoyed under the rule of France, 

 and their priests were allowed to 

 collect tithes- from the faithful. 

 French law was to prevail in civil 

 and English law in criminal cases. 

 The government was entrusted to 

 a nominated council, and the parlia- 

 ment in London retained the right 

 of taxation. 



Quebec Bridge. Bridge cross- 

 ing the St. Lawrence river at 

 Quebec. At the time of its erection 

 it was the longest clear-span 

 bridge hi the world, its central 

 span between supports exceeding 

 the main spans of the Forth 

 Bridge by 90 ft. The bridge is of 

 the cantilever type, with a main 

 river span of 1,800 ft. clear open- 

 ing, which includes a girder span 

 640 ft. long supported on the ends 

 of the cantilever arms, of which 

 there are four. The total length is 

 3,240 ft., and the clear height from 

 water-level to the underside of the 

 central span is 150 ft. It carries 

 two railway tracks and a foot- 

 walk. It was opened to traffic in 

 Dec., 1917. 



The erection of the first bridge 

 proceeded until one of the canti- 

 lever arms and a portion of the 

 central girder span were com- 

 pleted, when, on Aug. 29, 1907, 

 nearly half the bridge, weighing 

 some 15,000 tons, collapsed into 

 the river, with a loss of about 

 eighty lives. In Jan., 1910, a con- 

 tract for a new bridge of improved 

 design was let, and work pro- 

 ceeded until Sept., 1916, when, 

 in the act of hoisting the central 

 span into position, the latter, 

 measuring 640 ft. long and weighing 

 5,500 tons, collapsed, leaving the 

 cantilever arms intaot. See Bridge. 



Quebracho. Leaves and flowers of the S. 

 American tree. Inset : single flower 



Quebracho (Aspidospermum 

 quebracho). Tree of the natural 

 order Apocynaceae, native of S. 

 America. Its bark yields the drug 

 known as white quebracho, which 

 has been administered in cases of 

 dyspepsia, phthisis, and bronchitis. 



Quedlinburg. Town of Prussia, 

 in Saxony. Situated on the Bode, 

 3 m. N.W. of the Harz Mts. and 

 56 m. S.E. of Brunswick, it is 

 partly encircled by turreted walls, 

 and consists of the old and the 

 new town with four suburbs. The 

 14th century Rathaus, restored 

 1900, has a wooden cage where the 

 citizens imprisoned Count Albert' of 

 Regenstein, in 1337. The castle was 

 formerly the seat of the abbesses 

 of Quedlinburg. The Schlosskirche, 

 or Abbey Church, rebuilt 1070, 

 after a fire, contains numerous 

 historical and artistic treasures. 

 The market gardens and nurseries 

 are famous ; there are some manu- 

 factures. Quedlinburg was founded 

 by Henry I in 924, and was a 

 Hanseatic town until 1477. In 

 1698 it came into the possession 

 of the electors of Brandenburg. 

 Pop. 27,000. 



Quedlinburg, Prussia. The castle 



where the abbesses ol Quedlinburg 



resided, and the abbey church 



Queen (Anglo-Saxon cwen). 

 Term applied to a woman ruler. 

 A queen regnant rules in her own 

 right ; a queen consort is the wife 

 of a ruling king ; a queen dowager 

 is the widow of a deceased king. 

 While some countries bar a female 

 from succession to sovereignty, 

 e.g. by the Salic Law (q.v. ), others 

 take a queen only in default of 

 heirs male. In the British Empire 

 a queen succeeds when she has no 

 brothers. Thus, Princess Mary 

 stands in the succession immedi- 

 ately after her youngest brother, 

 but before other males of the 

 royal house. See King. 



Queen, THE. London -weekly 

 newspaper for women. Its full 

 title is The Queen, the Lady's 

 Newspaper, and Court Chronicle. 

 Founded by S. 0. Beeton, Sept. 7, 

 1861, as The Queen, an Illustrated 

 Journal and Review, it was 

 acquired in 1862 by Mr. Serjeant 

 Cox, who, in 1863, bought The 

 Lady's Newspaper, which had 

 existed since 1847, and amal- 

 gamated the two publications. 

 Another amalgamation was with 

 The Court Chronicle, while the 

 Bazaar, Exchange, and Mart first 

 appeared as a Queen supplement. 

 The Queen was acquired in 1919 by 

 the proprietors of Land and Water, 

 and issued by The Field Press, 

 Ltd. See The Queen Diamond 

 Jubilee number, Sept. 10, 1921. 



Queen Alexandra's Imperial 

 Military Nursing Service. Brit- 

 ish nursing organization. It was 

 founded in 1902, from the organ- 

 ization previously known as the 

 Army Nursing Service, and consists 

 of matrons-in-chief,matrons, sisters, 

 and staff nurses. Appointments are 

 given to unmarried women duly 

 qualified under war office regula- 

 tions. In 1918 the two advisory 

 boards which hitherto dealt with the 

 Q.A.I.M.N.S. and the Territorial 

 Force Nursing Service were recon- 

 stituted as a joint board under the 

 title of Queen Alexandra's Army 

 Nursing Board, with the director- 

 general, A.M.S., as chairman. There 

 was a Queen Alexandra's Imperial 

 Military Nursing Service Reserve 

 in the Great War. See Nursing. 



Queen Anne. Style of archi- 

 tecture existing in England during 

 the reign of Anne. In point of 

 fact, this period witnessed no 

 special developments in archi- 

 tecture, and the fashionable style 

 throughout it was according to the 

 classic ideals of Early Georgian. 

 But in the indigenous architecture 

 of England there lingered many 

 traces of the picturesque Eliza- 

 bethan manner, half classic and 

 half medieval ; and the architects 

 of the later 19th century, who re- 

 introduced the old chimneys, 



