RADCLIFFE 



RADFORD 



market hall. The 

 industries include 

 the making ot 

 cotton, paper, and 

 chemicals : dye- 

 ing and bleach 

 ing ; iron-found - 

 ing and coa I- 

 mining. Market 

 day, Fri. Pop 

 25,000. 



Radcliffe, ANN 

 (1764-1823). 

 British novelist. 

 Born in London, 

 July 9, 1764, the 

 daughter of Wil- 

 liam Ward, in 1787 she married 

 William Radcliffe, afterwards pro- 

 prietor of The English Chronicle. 

 She wrote several novels, in which 

 the influence of certain aspects of 

 the prevailing romantic movement 

 is very marked. Her fame rests 

 chiefly on The Mysteries of 

 Udolpho, 1794, which enjoyed 

 great contemporary vogue ; The 

 Italian, or the Confessional of the 

 Black Penitents, 1797, was re- 

 ceived with equal enthusiasm. She 

 died Feb. 7, 1823. In handling the 

 mysterious and supernatural in 

 such a way as to keep the reader's 

 attention at fever pitch until the 

 denouement, when the super- 

 natural is explained away, Ann 

 Radcliffe has scarcely a superior. 

 She also excels in the description of 

 scenery, but her characterisation 

 is weak. 



Radcliffe, JOHN (1650-1714). 

 English physician. Born at Wake- 

 field, he was educated at Univer- 

 sity College, 

 Oxford, taking 

 a degree in 

 medicine. I n 

 Oxford and 

 then in London 

 he made a 

 reputation as.a 

 physician, and 

 became medi- 

 cal attend- 

 ant to Wil- 

 liam, Mary, 



and Anne. He was a member 

 of parliament, and died at Car- 

 shalton, Nov. 1, 1714. Radcliffe 

 is known as a benefactor to Oxford, 

 as with money bequeathed by him 

 were built the library, observatory, 

 and infirmary that bear his name, 

 which is also perpetuated by travel- 

 ling fellowships for students oi 

 medicine. 



Radcliffe Observatory. Astro- 

 nomical observatory in Oxford. It 

 was founded in 1771 with funds 

 provided under the bequest ol 

 John Radcliffe, and built between 

 177295. Its observations were 

 first published in 1839, and star 

 catalogues have been compiled. It 



Radcliffe, Lancashire. Parish church of S. Bartholomew 



has also meteorological apparatus. 

 See Heliometer ; Observatory. 



Radeberg. Town of Saxony, 

 Germany. It stands on the Roder 

 and the Dresden-Gorlitz rly., 10 m. 

 N.E. of Dresden. Its castle was 

 built 1543-46. It manufactures 

 glass, gloves, ribbons, etc., and 

 there are breweries. In the vicinity 

 are the famous chalybeate springs 

 of Augustusbad and Hermannsbad. 

 Pop. 13,000. 



Radegunde. Frankish saint 

 and queen. The daughter of a Ger- 

 man prince, she married the Frank- 

 ish king, Clotaire, about 530. By 

 her piety she won considerable re- 

 nown. In consequence of a feud 

 between her husband and her kins- 

 folk, she left Clotaire and became 

 a nun, founding a religious house 

 at Poitiers. She died Aug. 13, 587. 



Radek, KARL. Bolshevist leader. 

 An Austrian Jew, his name 

 was originally Sobelsohn. He was 

 one of the 

 early teachers 

 of Bolshevism, 

 and during the 

 Great War 

 spent much 

 time in Switz- 

 e r 1 a n d dis- 

 seminating ar- 

 t i c 1 e s of a 

 socialist 

 nature. In 



1918 he was director of Russian 

 Bolshevist propaganda, and went 



Karl Radek, 

 Bolshevist leader 



Count Radetzky, 

 Austrian soldier 



Radcliffe Observatory, Oxford. Principal buildings, with 

 the dome, seen on the right, for the large double telescope 



to Berlin, where he tried to insti- 

 gate a Spartacist alliance with 

 Russia against the Entente. Later 

 he became assistant-commissary 

 for foreign affairs at Moscow. See 

 Bolshevism. 



Radetzky , JOHANN JOSEF, COUNT 

 (1766-1858). Austrian soldier. 

 Born in Bohemia, he served against 

 the Turks in \ na 



1788-89, and 

 in the wars 

 against 

 France. He 

 was comnian- 

 der-in-chief in 

 Lombardy 

 when the re- 

 volt broke out 

 there in 1848. 

 Though at first 

 hard pressed, he eventually de- 

 feated King Charles Albert of 

 Sardinia at Custozza, and in the 

 following year secured another 

 victory at Novara and besieged and 

 took Venice. He was governor 

 of Lombardy till 1857, and died 

 Jan. 5, 1858. 



Radford. District of Notting- 

 ham, forming a western suburb of 

 the city. It stands on the Leen and 

 consisted originally of two villages, 

 Old Radford and New Radford. In 

 the 19th century factories and 

 works of various kinds were opened 

 here, and in 1877 the district was 

 absorbed into Nottingham. There is 

 a station on the Midland Rly., and 

 tramways connect Radford with 

 the centre of the city. S. Peter's 

 Church, Old Radford, was rebuilt 

 early in the 19th century. There 

 was a priory here in the Middle 

 Ages. See Nottingham. 



Radford, ROBERT (b. 1874). 

 British singer. Born at Notting- 

 ham, May 13, 1874, he received 

 his musical training at the Royal 

 Academy of Music, winning the 

 Westmoreland scholarship, and 

 becoming a fellow in 1906. Gifted 

 with a sonorous bass voice and 

 commanding presence, he first 

 made a success with his perform- 

 ance in Berlioz's Faust at the 

 , Norwich festival 

 in 1899. He has 

 i sung the principal 

 bass parts in 

 1 opera at Covcnt 

 j Garden and in the 

 Beecham Operatic 

 companies, distin- 

 guished especially 

 in Wagnerian 

 roles, and since 

 1907 has sung reg- 

 ularly at the chief 

 provincial musical 

 festivals, and at 

 the Handel festi- 

 vals, London, 

 1906-12 and 1920. 



