RAMPOLLA 



6483 



RAMSAY 



Cardinal Rampolla, 

 Italian statesman 



stalked and oval, the upper stalk- 

 less and very slender. The blue 

 flowers are much like those of the 

 harebell (C. rolundifolia), but form 

 a many-flowered, long spray. The 

 root is edible, and the plant is 

 frequently cultivated for its sake. 

 Rampolla, MARIANO MARCHESE 



DEL TlNDARO, CARDINAL (1843- 



1913). Italian statesman. Born at 

 Polizzi, Sicily, 

 Aug. 17, 1843, 

 he was edu- 

 cated at the 

 Collegio Ca- 

 pranica and 

 the Accademia 

 dei Nobili Ec- 

 clesiastici, 

 Rome, and 

 entered the 

 diplomatic ser- 

 vice of the Holy See. On his re- 

 turn from Madrid, 1877, he was 

 made secretary of propaganda for 

 Eastern affairs ; in 1 882 he again 

 became nuncio at Madrid, and in the 

 same year was created archbishop 

 of Heraclea. Five years later Leo 

 XIII gave him the red hat, and 

 made him papal secretary of state. 

 When, on the death of Leo XIII, 

 1903, Rampolla's election as his 

 successor seemed certain, Austria 

 exercised her veto, and Cardinal 

 Sarto(Pius X)was elected. Ram- 

 polla thereupon resigned. He died 

 at Rome, Dec. 16, 1913. 



Rampur. Native state and 

 town of the United Provinces, 

 India. The state is situated ad- 

 jacent to the Himala}'an foothills, 

 with Moradabad dist. on the W., 

 and Bareilly dist. on the E. It is 

 all that remains of the Rohilla 

 Confederacy, and is surrounded by 

 the districts of the Rohilkhand 

 division. The town is on the 

 rly. between Moradabad and Bar- 

 eilly ; it has manufactures of 

 pottery and jewelry. Area 899 

 sq. m. Pop., state, 531,000; 

 town, 72,200. 



Rampur-Boalia. Town of 

 Bengal, India, in Rajshahi dist. 

 It is situated on the right bank of 

 the Padma distributary of the 

 Ganges, and is the dist. head- 

 quarters. It contains a college, 

 and an old Dutch trading factory. 

 Pop. 23,400. 



Ramsay, ALLAN (1686-1758). 

 Scottish poet. Born Oct. 15, 1686, 

 at Leadhills, in Lanarkshire, he 

 started his career as a wig maker. 

 He collected and rewrote old Scot- 

 tish songs and ballads, which were 

 published in 1724 as The Tea 

 Table Miscellany and The Ever- 

 green. In 1725 he published The 

 Gentle Shepherd, a pastoral con- 

 taining admirable descriptions of 

 rural scenery, and marked by 

 genuine poetic feeling. In Edin- 



burgh, in 1726, 

 he opened a 

 bookseller's 

 shop which be- 

 came a resort 

 for many of the 

 well-known 

 literary figures 

 of the Scottish 

 capital, and 

 the centre of 

 a circulating 

 library. He 

 died in Edinburgh, Jan. 7, 1758. 

 Ramsay cannot be regarded as a 

 great poet, and he has a strong 

 vein of coarseness, yet he was a 

 distinct factor in the return to 

 Nature, which was to have such 

 full expression a generation or two 

 later. Both Burns and Scott 

 found inspiration in Allan Ram- 

 say's work. See English Litera- 

 ture ; consult also Allan Ramsay, 

 W. H. 0. Smeaton, 1896. 



Ramsay, ALLAN (1713-84). 

 Scottish painter. Son of Allan 

 Ramsay, the poet (q.v.), he was 

 born in Edinburgh, and began his 

 art studies in London in 1733. 

 He went to Rome to study further 

 in 1736, and returned to Edin- 

 burgh in 1739, when he received 

 several portrait commissions of 

 note. About 1757 he came to 

 London, and soon established his 

 reputation by his sound, if some- 

 what undistinguished, portraiture ; 

 among his sitters were George III 

 and Queen Charlotte, Flora Mac- 

 donald, Lord Chesterfield, Hume, 

 Gibbon, and Rousseau. A friend of 

 Dr. Johnson, he was well known 

 in intellectual society. He acquired 

 a considerable fortune, spent some 

 years in Italy, dying at Dover, 

 Aug. 10, 1784. Examples of his 

 work are in the National Portrait 

 Galleries in London and Edinburgh. 

 Ramsay, SIR ANDREW CROMBIE 

 (1814-91). British geologist. 

 Born in Glasgow, Jan. 31, 1814, 

 in 1841 he be- , 

 came assistant 

 to the Geo- 

 logical Survey, 

 in which ser- 

 vice he rose 

 steadily until 

 he was ap- 

 pointed direc- 

 tor-general in 

 1871, retiring 

 in 1881. He 

 was president of the Geological 

 Society, 1862-64, and his most 

 notable work was in connexion 

 with glacial formations. He wrote 

 Old Glaciers of Switzerland and 

 North Wales, 1860, and Physical 

 Geology and Geography of Great 

 Britain, 6th ed. 1894. He died 

 at Beaumaris, Dec. 9, 1891. See 

 Memoir, Sir A. Geikie, 1895. 



Edward Ramsay, 

 Scottish author 



Sir Andrew Ramsay, 

 British geologist 



Ramsay, EDWARD BANNERMAN 

 BURNETT (1793-1872). Scottish 

 author and divine. Born at Aber- 

 deen, Jan. 31, 

 1793, his father 

 was Sir Alex- 

 ander Ramsay, 

 Bart. Educated 

 at Durham and 

 S. John's Col- 

 1 e g e, C a m- 

 bridge, he was 

 ordained in the 

 Church of 

 England, and 

 1816-24 was a curate in Somer- 

 set. In 1824 he obtained a living 

 in Edinburgh, and in 1830 he 

 was appointed incumbent of S. 

 John's Church there. Ramsay was 

 made dean of Edinburgh in 1846, 

 and until his death was one of the 

 leading figures in the episcopal 

 church in Scotland. He died in 

 Edinburgh, Dec. 27, 1872. Ram- 

 say's fame rests chiefly upon his 

 Reminiscences of Scottish Life and 

 Character, 1858, a work which had 

 its origin in two lectures delivered 

 in Edinburgh in 1857. It is an ad- 

 mirable collection of Scottish 

 stories, often typically humorous. 



Ramsay, SIR WILLIAM (1852- 

 1916). British chemist. Born in 

 Glasgow, Oct. 2, 1852, and edu- 

 cated at Glas- 

 g o w Univer- 

 sity, he after- 

 wards took 

 courses at the 

 universities of 

 Heidelberg 

 under Bunsen, 

 and Tubingen 

 under Fittig. 

 In 1880 he was 

 appointed pro- 



feSSOr Of Chem- 



, . . 



la/ayette 



istry at University College, Bristol, 

 and became principal in 1881. He 

 remained at Bristol until 1887, 

 when he became professor of chem- 

 istry at University College, Lon- 

 don, holding that post until his 

 retirement in 1912. Knighted in 

 1902, in 1904 he received the 

 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. 



Ramsay's earliest work was on 

 physical subjects, and his re- 

 searches were directed into a 

 chemical direction by a request 

 from Lord Rayleigh that he would 

 investigate the reason for the differ- 

 ence in the density of nitrogen pre- 

 pared from the air and by chemical 

 means. This research resulted in 

 the discovery that the nitrogen 

 from the air contains a new element, 

 argon. Searching for other sources 

 of argon, Ramsay discovered a new 

 element, helium, in a mineral 

 called cleveite, an element the 

 existence of which had been de- 

 tected by spectrum analysis in 



