RAWALPINDI 



65O3 



RAWMARSH 



Rawalpindi, India. The strategic fortress which commands the routes into India from the north-west 



Rawalpindi. Town of the Pun- 

 jab, India. It is situated on a 

 tributary of the Sohan, has 

 strategic roads and rlys., and is the 

 most important military canton- 

 ment in N. India. It has rly. work- 

 shops, a brewery, and contains an 

 arsenal. There is an extensive 

 trade with Kashmir. In 1849 the 

 Sikhs surrendered here subsequent 

 to their defeat at Gujarat by 

 Gough. Pop. 86,500. 



Rawdon OK RAWDEN. Urban 

 dist. of Yorkshire (W.R.). It is 

 5 m. from Bradford, with a station 

 on the Mid. Rly. The chief indus- 

 try is the manufacture of cloth, 

 and here is a Baptist theological 

 college, opened in 1859. The mar- 

 quess of Hastings took from here 

 the title of the earl of Rawdon, his 

 ancestors having lived at Rawdon 

 Hall. Pop. 3,200. 



Rawlinson, GEORGE (1812- 

 1902). British scholar. Born at 

 Chadlington, Oxford, Nov. 23, 

 1812, he was 

 educated at 

 Trinity Col- 

 lege, Oxford. 

 He became a 

 fellow and lec- 

 turer of Exe- 

 ter College, 

 and was or- 

 dained, and in 

 1861 was made 

 Camden pro- 

 fessor of an- 

 cient history. In 1872 he was chosen 

 canon residentiary of Canterbury, 

 and he was rector of All Hallows, 

 Lombard St., London, from 1888 

 until his death, Oct. 7, 1902. 



Rawlinson is chiefly remembered 

 by his great edition of Herodotus, 

 with translation and annotations 

 by himself, and special archaeolo- 

 gical and historical dissertations 

 by his brother, Sir Henry Rawlin- 

 son (q.v. ), and Sir J. G. Wilkinson. 

 The translation has been re- 

 printed in the Everyman's Library 

 series. Rawlinson also wrote 

 scholarly and valuable works on 

 Assyria, Chaldea, Babylonia, 

 Media, Persia, Parthia, the new 

 Persian Empire, and ancient Egypt. 

 Rawlinson, SIR HENRY CRES- 

 WICKE (1810-95). British Orient- 

 alist and diplomatist. He was 

 born at Chadlington, Oxfordshire, 

 April 11, 1810, and entered the 



George Rawlinson, 

 British scholar 



Elliott & fry 



Sir H. Rawlinson, 

 British Orientalist 



service of the East India Com- 

 pany in 1827. Six years later he 

 undertook the reorganization of 

 the Persian troops, and devoted his 

 leisure to the study of the cunei- 

 form inscriptions. In 1840 he 

 became political agent at Kanda- 

 har, and ren- 

 dered valu- 

 able service 

 throughout the 

 Afghan War. 

 Four years 

 later he was 

 made consul at 

 Bagdad, where 

 he collabor- 

 ated with Lay- 

 ard in his ex- 

 cavations at Nineveh and else- 

 where. He made an extensive 

 collection of antiquities, now in 

 the British Museum. In 1859 he 

 was appointed minister pleni- 

 potentiary to Persia, but retired a 

 year later. He was M.P. for Rei- 

 gate, 1858, and Frome, 1865-68. 

 Rawlinson wrote largely on the 

 cuneiform inscriptions, and was 

 the author of a History of Assyria, 

 and joint editor with his brother, 

 G. Rawlinson (q.v.), of the latter's 

 Herodotus. He was made K.C.B. 

 on his return from India, and a 

 baronet, 1891. He died in London, 

 March 5, 1895. See Memoir, G. 

 Rawlinson, 1898. 

 Rawlinson, HENRY SEYMOUR 

 RAWLINSON IST BARON (1864- 

 1925). British soldier. Born Feb. 20, 

 1864, he was the eldest son of Sir H. 

 C. Rawlinson (q.v. ), to whose 

 baronetcy he succeeded in 1895. 

 From Eton he went to Sandhurst, 

 and in 1884 joined the 60th Rifles, 

 transferring to the Coldstream 

 Guards in 1892. Meanwhile he had 

 been A.D.C. to Lord Roberts in 

 India, and had served with the 

 mounted infantry in Burma in 

 1886-87. In 1898 he joined 

 Kitchener's staff in Egypt, and 

 was in the expedition that re- 

 covered Khartum. In the South 

 African War he served on the 

 staff and commanded a mobile 

 column. Having passed through 

 the Staff College, he was command- 

 ant of that institution from 1903 to 

 1906. In 1907 he took over a bri- 

 gade at Aldershot, and in 1910 

 he was promoted to the command 

 of a division. 



When the Great War broke out 

 Rawlinson was made director of 

 recruiting at the war office. In 

 Sept. he was put at the head of the 

 7th Division, which he led through 

 Belgium to Ypres, in such desperate 

 fighting that it was soon reduced to 

 a mere handful. In 1915 it was 

 renewed, and under him took a 

 leading part at Neuve Chapelle. 

 At the end of 1915 he was given 

 command of the new Fourth 

 Army, and was responsible for the 

 main attack on the Somme in July, 

 1916. He continued at the head 

 of this army until early in 1918, 

 when he was chosen as British 

 representative on the Versailles 

 council. 



In March, however, after the 

 disaster of St. Quentin, Rawlinson 

 was recalled to the front, and his 

 Fourth Army took a brilliant part 

 in the final offensive. In March, 

 1919, Rawlinson, who had been 

 knighted in 1915, and made a 

 full general in 1918, was appointed 

 to the Aldershot command. In 

 1919 he was created a baron, and 

 awarded 30,000 tor his war ser- 

 vices. Commander-in-chief in India, 

 1920-25, he died Mar. 28, 1925, 

 when the peerage became extinct. 

 Rawmarsh. Urban dist. of 

 Yorkshire (W.R.). It stands on the 

 Don, and is 2 m. from Rotherham, 



Baron Rawlinson of Trent, 

 British soldier 



