RED DEER 



65 1 8 



REDESDALE 



measure a yard in length, and have 

 an expanse between the two tips 

 of about 40 ins. They are shed 

 annually about March and at once 

 begin to grow again, being covered 

 with hairy skin, known as the 

 " velvet," until they reach com- 

 pletion about September. During 

 this time the stags are timid and 

 harmless, but the completion of 

 the growth of the antlers marks 

 the beginning of the pairing season, 

 when the stags fight furiously for 

 the possession of the hinds. The 

 stag is polygamous, and has even 

 been known to collect a harem of 

 fifty hinds. The fawns are usually 

 born in May and June, only one 

 being produced at a birth. 



Red deer feed upon grass, young 

 shoots, fungi, and beech nuts, and 

 are said to eat the dry seaweed on 

 the shores of some of the western 

 islands of Scotland. They are also 

 fond of licking rocks washed by the 

 waves for the sake of the salt. 

 They usually feed in the early 

 morning and late in the afternoon, 

 lying up in shady spots during the 

 hotter hours. They have keen 

 scent and are very wary, so that 

 the deer stalker in the high- 

 lands has need of all the skill and 

 patience he can bring to bear on 

 his pursuit. See Antler ; Deer ; 

 Deer-stalking. 



Red Deer. Town of Alberta, 

 Canada. It is an important junc- 

 tion on the C.P. and C.N. Rlys., 

 and is on the Alberta Central Rly. 

 It is 100 m. from Calgary, and 

 stands in the centre of a fanning 

 district on the Red Deer river. 

 Coal is mined in the vicinity, there 

 are lumber mills and elevators, and 

 the industries include quarrying 

 and brickmaking. Pop. 2,100. 



Reddish. Urban dist. of Lanca- 

 shire, England. It is 4 m. from 

 Manchester, with stations on the 

 L. & N.W. and G.C. Rlys. There 

 are cotton mills, and chemical and 

 machinery works. Pop. 14,300. 



Redditch. Market town and 

 urban dist. of Worcestershire, Eng- 

 land. It stands on the Arrow, 15 m. 

 from Birming- 

 ham, with a 

 station on the 

 Mid. Rly. 

 There are 

 manufactures 

 of needles, 

 pins, hooks, 

 etc., also of 

 motor- cars. 

 The build- 



Redditch. Seal of the 

 urban district council 



ings, which include an institute, 

 are modern, although there was a 

 Cistercian abbey here in the Middle 

 Ages. Pop. 15,500. 



Red Eagle. Prussian order of 

 knighthood. Instituted in 1705, 

 and remodelled 1759, 1810, and 



Red Eagle. Badge of 

 the Prussian order 



1832, it ranks 

 after that of 

 the Black 

 Eagle. The 

 badge is a 

 Maltese cross 

 with red 

 crowned 

 eagles in an- 

 gles, and the 

 ribbon is 

 white with orange stripes. 



Redeemer (Lat. redimere, to buy 

 back). Term used as a synonym 

 for Jesus Christ because of His 

 work in redeeming the world from 

 sin. See Incarnation ; Jesus Christ. 

 Redeemer, HOLY. Greek order 

 of knighthood. Is was instituted 

 in 1833, and remodelled in 1863. 

 The badge is a 

 white Maltese 

 cross encircled 

 by a green laurel 

 wreath and sur- 

 mounted by a 

 crown. The rib- 

 bon is light blue 

 with white bor- 

 ders. 



Redemption. 

 (Lat. redimere, 

 to buy back). 

 Term used in 

 Redeemer. Badge theology for the 

 of the Greek order work fo ^ f Jesug 



Christ in redeeming the world from 

 sin. See Atonement. 



Redemption. In financial mat- 

 ters, the repayment of a loan after 

 a certain time, and on stated terms. 

 Municipalities often raise money 

 by redeemable stock, as it is 

 called, one condition being that 

 at the end of a certain time the 

 lender shall be repaid, sometimes 

 with a small premium. Debenture 

 stock issued by public companies 

 is often redeemable. 



Redemptorists (Lat. redemp- 

 tor, redeemer). Roman Catholic 

 religious congregation of priests 

 and laymen. It was founded by S. 

 Alfonso del Liguori in 1732 at 

 Scala, under the name of the Con- 

 gregation of the Most Holy Re- 

 deemer. Its object is the evangeli- 

 sation of the poorer classes by 

 means of missions, and of all 

 classes by holding retreats. The 

 usual monastic vows are taken by 

 the members of the congregation, 

 which has several houses in the 

 British Isles. There is also a con- 

 gregation of nuns of this order, 

 who devote their lives to con- 

 templation and intercessory 

 prayer. They first came to Eng- 

 land in 1879, and have a convent 

 at Clapham Park, London. Each 

 community consists of 33 pro- 

 fessed nuns, in honour of the years 

 of Our Lord's life on earth, and 

 the habit worn is of red and blue. 



Earl of Redesda'.e, 

 British author 



Redesdale. District of North- 

 umberland, England. It consists 

 of the valley of the river Rede, or 

 Reed, and extends for about 20 m. 

 from the Scottish border to the N. 

 Tyne at Reedsmouth. The dale 

 forms one of the main routes be- 

 tween England and Scotland, and 

 the men of Redesdale won notori- 

 ety as doughty fighters in many a 

 border foray. Otterburn is at the 

 S. end of the valley, in which are 

 the Roman station of Bremenium, 

 and reservoirs for supplying New- 

 castle with water. Robin of Redes- 

 dale was the name taken by the 

 leader of a rising in 1467. 



Redesdale, BARON. British 

 title borne by the family of Free- 

 man-Mitford. John Mitford, a 

 Northumbrian 

 landowner, 

 had a son, 

 John (1748- 

 1830). Born 

 Aug. 18, 1748, 

 he became a 

 barrister, and 

 in 1788 M.P. 

 for Beeralston. 

 In 1793 he was 

 made solicitor- 

 general, in 1799 attorney-general, 

 and in 1801 speaker of the House 

 of Commons. From 1802, when he 

 was made Baron Redesdale, to 

 1806, he was lord chancellor of 

 Ireland. He took the additional 

 name of Freeman, and died 

 Jan. 16, 1830. His son and suc- 

 cessor, John Thomas Freeman- 

 Mitford (1805-86), an author and 

 a keen defender of the Protestant 

 faith, was made earl of Redesdale 

 in 1877, but on his death, May 2, 

 1886, his titles became extinct. His 

 estates passed to a kinsman, who 

 became Baron Redesdale in 1902. 

 Redesdale, ALGERNON BERTRAM 

 FREEMAN-MITFORD, BARON (1837- 

 1916). British diplomatist and poli- 

 tician. Born 

 Feb. 24, 1837, 

 he was edu- 

 cated at Eton 

 and Christ 

 Church, Ox- 

 ford, and en- 

 tered the for- 

 eign office in 

 1858. At- 

 tached to the 

 St. Petersburg 

 embassy, 1863, 

 he was sent to Peking, IBftS, and 

 Tokyo, 1866-70. He sat aa a Con- 

 servative in the Commons from 

 1892-95, and in 1902 was created 

 Baron Redesdale. He accom- 

 panied Prince Arthur of Con- 

 naught to Japan, 1906, and died 

 on Aug. 17, 1916. Redesdale 

 published an interesting volume of 

 Memoirs in 1915. 



Baron Redesdale, 

 British diplomatist 



Russell 



