RED INDIAN 



6520 



REDMOND 



brushwood fuel, for crystallising 

 common salt from brine. Whether 

 the Essex Red Hills are the 

 debris of salt-works, kelp-works, 

 or other industries, whether they 

 mark the actual sites of the clay- 

 burning, and what purpose, if any, 

 was served by the burnt earth, 

 are still under investigation. ., . 



Red Indian. Popular name for 

 the American Indian. They were 

 so called from the colour of the 

 skin. See American Indian. 



Redistribution. In politics, a 

 change in the size and number of 

 the constituencies returning mem- 

 bers to parliament. It is usually 

 made to meet the changes brought 

 about by the movements of 

 population. In the United King- 

 dom, the first great redistribution 

 of seats was effected by the Re- 

 form Act of 1832, when a large 

 number of small boroughs were 

 deprived of the privilege of send- 

 ing two members to parliament, 

 and large places were given it. 

 Time made a further less drastic 

 distribution necessary in 1867, 

 and again in 1884. The last redis- 

 tribution was effected by the 

 Reform Act of 1918, when the 

 parliamentary representation was 

 once more made to correspond 

 more closely to the populations of 

 the various areas, and the number 

 of members was increased. 



In a number of countries re- 

 distribution is brought about auto- 

 matically. In Canada, for instance, 

 the representation of Quebec in 

 the House of Commons is fixed at 

 65 members, and the other pro- 

 vinces send numbers that bear the 

 same proportion to 65 as their 

 population does to that of Quebec, 

 the change being made after every 

 census. In France there are ar- 

 rangements by which an arron- 

 dissement, if its population rises to 

 over 100,000, sends another mem- 

 ber to the Chamber of Deputies. 

 See Commons, House of ; Reform 

 Act ; Representation. 



Redlands. City of California, 

 U.S.A., in San Bernardino co. It 

 is 70 m. by rly. E. of Los Angeles, 

 and is served by the Southern Paci- 

 fic and the Santa Fe Rlys. Pic- 

 turesquely situated among mount- 

 ains, it fies in one of the most 

 important orange growing districts 

 in the world. Bricks and lumber 

 products are manufactured. Red- 

 lands is the seat of a university 

 and contains a public library. It 

 was incorporated in 1887. Pop. 

 9,600. 



Red Lead OR MINIUM. Scarlet 

 oxide of lead. It is made by roast- 

 ing finely divided white lead by 

 means of the heat of a reverbera- 

 tory furnace. The brightness of 

 the colour depends in a great 



measure on the care taken during 

 this process, the heat requiring 

 careful regulation and the mass 

 being constantly stirred. Red lead 

 is largely employed as a paint for 

 metals and wood, in glass manu 

 facture, as a cement for steam 

 joints, and in the manufacture of 

 storage batteries. Inferior red lead 

 is sometimes adulterated with iron 

 sesquioxide and red bole, but these 

 substances can be distinguished 

 from red lead by their insolubility 

 when the powder is digested with 

 warm dilute nitric acid to which a 

 little sugar has been added. 



Red-letter Day. Saint day or 

 feast marked in the church calen- 

 dar by red letters. Hence the term 

 is commonly used for a day made 

 memorable by some particularly 

 desirable event. 



Red Lion Square. Between 

 Theobald's Road and Holborn, 

 London, W.C. Built by Dr. Bare- 

 bone (d. 1698), son of "Praise God 

 Barebone, on Red Lyon Fields, 

 it was named after Red Lion Inn, 

 Holborn. Its residents have in- 

 cluded Sharon Turner, Rossetti, 

 Burne- Jones, and William Morris. 

 Many of the houses have been re- 

 built. S. John's Church, by J. L. 

 Pearson, was built 1874-78. 



Redmond, JOHN EDWARD (1851- 

 1918). Irish politician. Son of 

 William Archer Redmond, he be- 

 longed to a family of landowners 



long associated with co. Wexford, 

 both his father and his grandfather 

 having sat in Parliament for Wex- 

 ford borough. Educated by Jesuits 

 at Clongowes, and at Trinity Col- 

 lege, Dublin, John began life as a 

 clerk in the House of Commons and 

 became a barrister, but in 1881 he 

 turned to a political career and 



was returned as Nationalist M.P. 

 for New Ross. His abilities as a 

 speaker and his family connexions 

 made him prominent in the party ; 

 he was sent to Australia to collect, 

 funds, and hi 1887 he suffered a 

 short imprisonment under the 

 Crimes Act. 



When the split in the National- 

 ist party occurred in 1891, he 

 adhered to Parnell, and on his 

 death became the leader of his fol- 

 lowers in Parliament. After the elec- 

 tion of 1892 these only numbered 

 9. He continued to criticise freely, 

 but much of the bitterness of 

 earlier years had disappeared, and 

 on some points he was sympathetic 

 with both the Liberal and the suc- 

 ceeding Unionist Government. In 

 1900, when the two sections of the 

 Nationalist party united, he was 

 chosen as their leader, and this 

 position he retained until his death. 

 In 1885 he was returned for N, 

 Wexford, and from 1891 onward 

 represented Waterford city. 



Under Redmond's leadership 

 the Nationalists in Parliament 

 worked, as did the other parties, 

 by constitutional means. He was a 

 member of the Land Conference of 

 1904, and after the Liberals came 

 into power in 1906 he obtained 

 from them several measures for 

 Ireland, although not yet Home 

 Rule. He helped them with the 

 Budget of 1909, and after the first 

 election of 1910 his party held the 

 balance of power in the House of 

 Commons. He was in close touch 

 with the Government in the steps 

 taken to shackle the House of 

 Lords, and he accepted warmly 

 the Home Rule bill of 1912. In the 

 two years during which this was 

 the main excitement of political 

 life, he showed a willingness for 

 concessions to Ulster, was rather 

 embarrassed by the enrolment of 

 the Irish volunteers, and was a 

 member of the abortive conference 

 at Buckingham Palace. 



But while in Parliament his 

 authority was unquestioned, it was 

 far otherwise in Ireland, and the 

 growth of the Sinn Fein movement 

 was a terrible blow to his power, his 

 work, and his hopes, even though 

 Home Rule in a suspended fashion 

 became law in 1914. The diver- 

 gence between him and the Sinn 

 Feiners was widened when, on the 

 outbreak of the Great War, Red- 

 mond promised the support of Ire- 

 land. He did something to en- 

 courage recruiting, but refused to 

 join the Coalition Cabinet in 1915. 

 In truth, he could no longer rely 

 upon Ireland ; another blow to him 

 was the Irish rebellion of 1916. 

 Meanwhile he followed his own line 

 of policy, secured exemption for 

 Ireland from conscription, and was 



