REEL 



6526 



REFECTORY 



to wind a number of hanks simul- 

 taneously. By imparting a recipro- 

 cating motion to the skeleton 

 frame on which the hanks are 

 wound the yarn can be laid in 

 diagonals instead of in plain circles. 

 Yarn so reeled is called cross- reeled, 

 and cannot be unwound by hand 

 like the ordinary straight reeling 

 usual with hand-knitting wools. 

 See Spinning. 



Reel. Scottish national dance. 

 It is performed by two or more 

 couples, and called accordingly a 

 foursome, sixsome, or eightsome 

 reel. The music is provided by the 

 bagpipes or fiddle ; wanting these 

 the dancers sing their accompani- 

 ment. It is a circular dance with 

 quick, gliding movements, involv- 

 ing much whirling and a graceful 

 forming of the figure eight, but it 

 varies in different parts of the 

 country. See Dancing. 



Reeve (A.S. gerefa). Term ap- 

 plied to various public and private 

 officials in England, chiefly in the 

 Middle Ages. From Anglo-Saxon 

 times the reeve was the steward or 

 bailiff of an estate, who maintained 

 order, collected dues, and super- 

 vised labour. Such was the reeve 

 in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. 

 The word and office survive in the 

 Scottish grieve. Dyke-reeves and 

 field-reeves had special functions. 

 In some coal mines a foreman or 

 overseer is still called a reeve. 

 Land confiscated by the crown was 

 called reeve-land. 



The word was also used of per- 

 sons invested with certain public, 

 especially magisterial, functions, 

 as the sheriff (q.v.) or shire-reeve, 

 the port-reeve (q.v.), and the 

 borough-reeve. The manor-reeve 

 was the elected representative of 

 the villeins. The town -reeve was 

 one of the four representatives of 

 a town in the hundred court or 



shire court. In Canada the title 

 reeve is given to the president of a 

 town or village council. 



The word reeve is probably un- 

 connected with German graf, a 

 count. Other words identical in 

 form are reeve, the female of the 

 ruff (q.v.), and the nautical term 

 to reeve (a rope), to pass it through 

 a ring or hole. 



Reeve, HENRY (1813-95). Britl 

 ish journalist and author. Born 

 at Norwich, Sept. 9, 1813, the son 

 of Henry 

 Reeve, a doc- 

 tor of medi- 

 cine, he was 

 educated at 

 the grammar 

 school there. 

 He spent 

 some time in 

 travel on the 

 Continent, 

 made the 

 distinguished 



Henry Reeve, 

 British journalist 



acquaintance of 

 people, did some literary work, 

 and in 1837 secured an appoint- 

 ment under the privy council. For 

 many years he had a good deal 

 to do with The Times, writing 

 much for it on foreign affairs, for 

 which his wide knowledge, especi- 

 ally of France and leading French- 

 men, fitted him. In 1855 he 

 became editor of The Edinburgh 

 Review, holding that position to- 

 gether with that of registrar of the 

 privy council, to which he had been 

 appointed in 1843. He died Oct. 

 21, 1895. Reeve is best known as 

 the editor of the Memoirs of 

 Charles Greville, his predecessor 

 at the privy council. He also wrote 

 Royal and Republican France, 

 1872. See Memoirs and Letters, 

 J. K. Laughton, 1898. 



Reeves, JOHN SIMS (1818-1900). 

 British tenor singer. Born at Wool- 

 wich, Sept. 26, 1818, he sang the 



John Sims Reeves, 

 British singer 



Refectory in a monastic house; at the head of the hall is the prior or 



abbot; from a lectern on the right a monk is reading some edifying work while 



the others are at their meal 



baritone part of Rudolpho in La 

 Sonnambula at Newcastle-upon- 

 Tyne, 1839, and joined Macready's 

 Drury Lane 

 company a s 

 tenor, 1841. 

 In 1843 he 

 studied in 

 Paris, and 

 later in Milan. 

 He sang in 

 opera in Lon- 

 don in 1847, 

 and entered 

 upon his long 

 career as an 

 oratorio singer in 1848, continuing 

 to sing with great success in such 

 works as Judas Maccabaeus, The 

 Messiah, and Elijah until his fare- 

 well appearance in 1891. He was 

 also famed as a ballad singer, and 

 continued to appear as such in later 

 years. He died at Worthing, Oct. 25, 

 1900, one of the few notable tenor 

 singers in English musical history. 

 See his Life and Recollections, 1898. 

 Reeves, WILLIAM PEMBER (b. 

 1857). New Zealand politician. 

 Born at Canterbury, New Zealand, 

 Feb. 10, 1857, 

 he was edu- 

 c a t e d at 

 Christ's Col- 

 lege Grammar 

 School, Christ- 

 church, and 

 was called to 

 the bar of 

 New Zealand. 



He turned to W. Pember Reeves, 

 NewZealand politician 



EllioltA Fry 



became member of the parliament 

 of New Zealand, 1887-96, and was 

 minister of education, labour, and 

 justice from 1891-96. He then be- 

 came agent-general for the colony, 

 and was its high commissioner, 

 1905-9. From 1908-20 he was 

 director of the London School of 

 Economics. His publications in- 

 clude The Long White Cloud, a 

 History of New Zealand, 1898, and 

 State Experiments in Australia 

 and New Zealand, 1902. 



Re-exports. Name given to 

 goods imported into a country and 

 then exported. These are classified 

 separately and are usually exempted 

 from import duties. See Exports ; 

 Trade. 



Refectory (Lai. refectorium, 

 from reficere, to restore). Term 

 applied to a large hall in an abbey 

 or kindred group of monastic build- 

 ings, where the monks or nuns took 

 their meals. It was often a de- 

 tached building, but in other cases 

 was incorporated in the general 

 ground-floor plan, being situated 

 as a rule between the kitchen and 

 the other offices of the establish- 

 ment. See Abbey ; Monastery. 



j o urnalism 

 and politics, 



