REGENERATION 



that it wakes into life a religious 

 consciousness which has hitherto 

 been dormant. Others again say 

 that it alters the balance of forces 

 in a man's life and enables the 

 higher and more spiritual side of 

 his nature to obtain the mastery 

 over the lower and more carnal. 

 Something analogous to the Chris- 

 tian conception of regeneration is 

 found in other religions. The doc- 

 trine of the " twice-born man " 

 plays a great part in the religions 

 of India, for instance. In the Greek 

 mystery religions the conception of 

 regeneration is of very great im- 

 portance. The Hermetic literature 

 declares that " regeneration is 

 the end of all revelation." See 

 Incarnation. 



Regeneration. The power of 

 reproducing by new growth parts 

 of the body that have been lost by 

 accident or amputation. It is 

 observable chiefly in the lower 

 orders of animals, in which there is 

 greater liability to loss from the 

 attacks of enemies. Trembley's 

 celebrated experiments with the 

 fresh-water hydra nearly 200 years 

 ago demonstrated that, if cut 

 across, it repaired the injury by 

 the basal portion reproducing the 

 tost mouth and tentacles, and the 

 upper half produced a new base. 

 If divided* vertically , the left side 

 produced a new right half, and the 

 original right _a new .left. Sponges 

 and sea-anemones have a similar 

 power of repair and the, common 

 starfish freqienuy affords evMeno^ 

 of having lost one or more of its' 

 rays,'wbich it has reproduced on a 

 smaller scale. The brittle-stars are 

 so called on account of their 

 readiness to part with their rays 

 on the slightest alarm, as though 

 conscious that the lost members 

 can be reproduced with facility 

 as they are. 



In insects this power is not 

 commonly exhibited, but the stick- 

 insects, which are very liable to 



Regeneration. Spider crab, with left 

 pincer leg being reproduced after 

 loss. Top, slow-worm reproduc- 

 ing lost tail, seen on extreme right 



6536 



lose their long legs, reproduce them 

 when they moult ; at first they are 

 bud-like, but with each successive 

 ecdysis the new 

 limb becomes 

 larger. In this they 

 follow a similar 

 course to the 

 higher Crustacea, 

 which frequently 

 lose limbs often 

 voluntarily, as a 

 means of escape 

 from danger and 

 gradually replace 

 them when they 

 moult. Regenera- 

 tion is equally 

 common among 

 molluscs, especi- 

 ally the sea-snails 

 (gastropods), 

 which, when 

 active, are only 



REGENT 



may issue from the furnace when 

 they have done their primary work, 

 at a very high temperature. In 



Jt 



Regenerative Fnrnace used for production of crucible 

 cast steel. A. Furnace. B. Cover. C C. Crucibles. 

 D D. Air heating regenerators. E E. Gas heating re- 

 generators. Regenerators on left are heating air and 

 gas ; those on right are being heated by hot waste gas 



partly protected by the shell, and addition, they may still contain 



the head or hinder part of the foot a considerable proportion of un- 



may' be bitten off by fish. The burnt fuel gas, this being notably 



mollusc is able to renew the lost so in the case of the blast furnace 



parts. Injuries to the shell are re- 

 paired by the mantle which secreted 

 it originally. > 



Among vertebrates the phenom- 



when working on pig iron. 



It is the object of a regenerative 

 furnace to recover and utilise as 

 much as possible of this escaping 



enon is much less common, but heat or waste fuel, and thus to 

 fishes have been knowij to re- reduce the fuel cost of any par- 

 produce lost fins, and the batra- ticular operation. This object is 

 chians limbs and tails s ^Sjiallanzani secured to a large extent by 

 barbarously amputatetMJl^the legs causing the escaping gases to heat 

 and the tail of a salamander no fresh air or fresh gas, as it passes 

 fewer than six times, anilf they on its way into the furnace. The 

 were reproduced each time. Bonnet waste gas or heat is then said to 

 repeating the experiment sue- be regenerated. This principle is 

 ceeded eight times Vith one sala- applied in a variety of ways. In 

 mander. The slow-worm, the one, the waste gas passes over one 

 gecko, , and the common lizard 

 readily part with their tail* if these 

 are held, and the stump develops a 

 new tail, but it is several years 

 before the new part equals that 

 which has been lost. 



There is something of the same 



nature in plants. A spruce whose 

 leading shoot has been destroyed 

 will replace it by the upward 



surface of pipe, or is burnt in 

 contact with that surface, while 

 the in-going fresh air or gas 

 traverses the other side of the pipe 

 and in doing so picks up heat 

 transmitted through the wall of the 

 pipe. See Cowper Stove ; Furnace ; 

 Metallurgy ; Whitwell Stove. 



Regensburg. German name 

 for the city known better by its 



growth of a bud that was intended French form, Ratisbon (q.v.). ^. 

 to develop into a lateral branch. Regent (from Lat. regere,' to 

 When a limb has been broken off rule). One who rules temporarily 

 a large tree by a gale the bark will 

 grow over and protect the wounded 

 part, which may later continue its 

 growth from resting buds. A cut- 



for a sovereign. A regency is 

 necessitated by the minority, 

 mental or physical incapacity, or 

 absence of the sovereign, or by the 



ting of a plant will seek to restore infancy of the heir to the throne. 



its lost base by throwing out roots. 

 See Biology ; Botany ; Insects ; 

 Life ; Man ; consult also Lectures 

 on Plant Physiology, L. Jost, Eng. 

 trans. R. J. H. Gibson 1907. 



Regenerative Furnace. Name 

 given to a type of furnace invented 

 by Sir William Siemens for utilising 



Sometimes a council acts as regent. 

 The first regent of England was 

 William Marshal, earl of Pembroke, 

 at the beginning of the reign of 

 Henry III. The most famous re- 

 gent of Scotland was James Stuart, 

 earl of Murray or Moray, who was 

 appointed after the abdication of 



the heat of the burnt products. In Mary Queen of Scots at Lochleven 



a furnace employed for the smelt- in 1567. When George III, in his 



ing of metals or ores, the products old age, was declared incapable of 



of combustion of the fuels used, ruling, the prince of Wales became 



whether solid, liquid, or gaseous, prince regent. 



