REINDEER 



6548 



RELAPSING FEVER 



forward as they approach the tips. 

 The extremity in some of the 

 varieties is broadly palmated, and 

 there is a conspicuous brow-tine, 

 which is usually branched and 

 sometimes palmated. This brow- 

 tine is placed very low and often 

 descends in front of the face. The 

 feet are remarkable for their 

 breadth and great spread, a special 

 adaptation for travelling on snow in 

 winter and boggy land in summer. 



The reindeer is heavy in body 

 and comparatively short in limb ; 

 the face is long and straight, the 

 ears short and shaggy, and the hair 

 of the pelt is somewhat long. In 

 colour it is usually brown, with 

 white on the neck, under side, and 

 inner flanks ; but the colour varies 

 greatly in domesticated specimens, 

 which are often grey or whitish. In 

 height the reindeer ranges from 

 44 to 48 ins. at the shoulder in 

 Europe, but has been known to 

 attain 5 ft. in Canada. 



The European reindeer occurs 

 from Scandinavia to E. Siberia, but 

 in many districts it is now very 

 rare in the wild state. It has been 

 domesticated from an early period, 

 and it is the beast of burden in 

 Lapland and in parts of Norway 

 and Siberia. In the wild state it 

 spends the summer in the grassy 

 valleys, and moves in winter to the 

 mountains, where it finds a scanty 

 subsistence on lichens and moss. 

 The American type of reindeer is 

 commonly known as the caribou 

 (q.v.). See Ice Age; Sledge. 



Reindeer. Lake and river of 

 Canada, mainly in Saskatchewan. 

 The lake is in the N.E. of the prov., 

 receives the Cochrane from the N., 

 the Vermilion from the W., and is 

 dotted with islands and islets. Its 

 outflow is at the S. end by the 

 Reindeer river, which flows almost 

 due S. to join the Churchill. 



Reindeer Moss (Cladoniarangi- 

 ferina). Lichen or compound 

 plant. It consists of an Ascomycet- 

 ous fungus and an Algal in sym- 

 biotic association. It is found in 

 abundance on heaths and hills, 

 often in N. Europe covering vast 

 tracts. It is a more or less erect, 

 pale-grey plant, much branched, 

 the ultimate divisions being pairs 

 of short, drooping threads. It 

 forms a valuable food for cattle and 

 reindeer in Lapland and other 

 northern countries. See Lichen. 



Reinforced Concrete. Con- 

 crete reinforced by metal to take up 

 the tensile stresses and strengthen 

 resistance of material against other 

 stresses. See Concrete. 



Reinhardt, MAX (b. 1873). 

 Austrian theatrical producer. Born 

 at Baden, near Vienna, Sept. 9, 

 1873, he worked in a bank, but 

 made his first stage appearance in 



Berlin, 1894, where he founded a 

 cabaret theatre, the Schall und 

 Rauch, and the Kleines Theater, 

 1902. As man- 

 ager of these, 

 and of the 

 Neues Theater 

 from 1903, and 

 the Deutsches 

 Theater and 

 K ammerspiel 

 from 1905, he 

 earned a great 



Has Reinbardt, reputation for 

 Theatrical producer his brilliantly 

 conceived productions of serious 

 drama. In England he was best 

 known as producer of the spectacle 

 Sumurun, 1911, and of the large- 

 scale spectacular piece, with music 

 by Humperdinck, The Miracle, 

 played at Olympia, London, 1911- 

 12, and of Oedipus Rex, 1912. 

 Theatrical art owes much to Rein- 

 hardt, who was himself influenced 

 by the doctrines of Gordon Craig 

 (q.v.). See The Theatre of Rein- 

 hardt, H. Carter, 1914. 



Reinhold, KARL LEONHARD 

 (1758-1823). German philosopher. 

 Born in Vienna, he settled in Ger- 

 many, 1783, 

 and died at 

 Kiel, where he 

 was professor 

 of philosophy. 

 His wife was 

 the daughter 

 of the poet 

 Wieland. He 

 did much to 

 promote the 

 study and 

 understanding of Kant, but later 

 adopted the ideas of Fichte. 



Rejane, GABRIELLE CHARLOTTE 

 (1857-1920). French actress. 

 Born in Paris, June 6, 1857, her 

 real name being Charlotte Reju, 

 she made her debut at the Odeon, 

 1875, and made a marked success 

 at the Vaudeville in the same year. 

 She was an actress of great ver- 

 satility and disciplined technique, 

 and made a memorable appearance 

 as Catherine in Madame Sans- 

 Gene at the Gaiety Theatre, Lon- 

 don, 1894, also in the same part, 

 her most popular, in New York, 

 1895. The Theatre Rejane, Paris, 

 was opened in 1905, and in 1909 

 she toured S. America. She played 

 at intervals in London between 

 1906-15, acted in cinematograph 

 versions of her plays, and died on 

 June 14, 1920. 



Rejected Addresses. Series or 

 English parodies. Published in 

 1812, it purported to be the com- 

 positions of the most popular poets 

 of the day submitted for a prize 

 offered on the occasion of the in- 

 auguration of the New Drury Lane 

 Theatre. The authors were Horace 



Karl Reinhold, 

 German philosopher 



and James Smith (q.v.), the former's 

 best efforts being the parodies of 

 Byron and Scott, the tatter's the 

 parodies of Cobbett and Crabbe. 



Relapsing Fever. Acute fever 

 caused by infection by a spiro- 

 chaete. Different forms of the 

 parasite occur in Europe, America, 

 Asia, and Africa, and cause 

 differences in the symptoms. The 

 European form prevails most in 

 Russia, while epidemics of the 

 disease have occurred in the past 

 in the British Isles. The period of 

 incubation, i.e. the interval be- 

 tween infection and the appear- 

 ance of the symptoms, is believed 

 to be about seven days. 



The onset may be gradual or 

 sudden, with severe headache, 

 shivering fits, pains in the back and 

 limbs, and rise of temperature. 

 The liver and the spleen become 

 enlarged. At the end of about a 

 week the temperature suddenly 

 falls, and the other symptoms dis- 

 appear. In three or four days to a 

 week, however, the symptoms 

 recur, though the second attack 

 may not be so severe as the first. 



After recovery there may be a 

 further relapse, and it is this 

 characteristic which has given the 

 disease its name. The great 

 majority of cases recover, but in a 

 small number complications, such 

 as pneumonia, bronchitis, or 

 haemorrhage, may arise and ter- 

 minate fatally. The relapsing fevers 

 of America occur in Panama in N. 

 America, and in Colombia in S. 

 America. In Asia, relapsing fever 

 occurs in India and China. In 

 Africa the disease is sometimes 

 known as the African tic fever, and 

 is found in Uganda, Congo Free 

 State, East Africa, and the valley 

 of the Zambezi. See Fever. 



Gabrielle Charlotte Rejane in the 

 character of Madame Sans-Gene 



