RENI 



6561 



RENNET 



LITEKABY ASSOCIATIONS. William 

 Wallace, the great hero of Scottish 

 history and legend, is supposed to 

 have been born at Elderslie, near 

 Paisley. The 16th-17th century 

 Sempills, Sir James, his son Ro- 

 bert and grandson Francis, all of 

 Beltrees, won distinction as writ- 

 ers, Robert Sempill being credited 

 with reviving the verse stave, of 

 which Burns was later to make 

 great use. Robert Pollok, author 

 of The Course of Time, was born at 

 Eaglesham. John Wilson (1720- 

 89), author of a " loco-descriptive 

 poem " on the Clyde, was for 20 

 years master of the Greenock 

 grammar school. Another native 

 of Paisley of the same name is 

 better known by his pen-name of 

 Christopher North. Robert Tanna- 

 hill, the weaver poet, was born in 

 Paisley, worked and died there, 

 and a bronze statue to him stands 

 in the Abbey burial ground. Alex- 

 ander Smith, 1830-67, passed his 

 childhood in Paisley, and wrote of 

 his life there in his autobiographi- 

 cal story, Alfred Hagart's House- 

 hold. Robert Wodrow (1679- 

 1734), author of The History of the 

 Sufferings of the Church of Scot- 

 land., was for over 30 years minister 

 of Eastwood, where he is buried. 

 At Greenock John Gait lived for 

 many years and is buried. Gourock 

 was for some years the residence of 

 the novelist Neil Munro. See De- 

 scription of the Sheriffdoms of Lan- 

 ark and Renfrew, W. Hamilton, 

 repr. 1878. 



Reni, GUIDO (1575-1642). 

 Italian painter. Born at Calven- 

 zano, Nov. 4, 1575, he studied 

 under Denis 

 Calvaert, and 

 with the Car- 

 racci at Bolog- 

 na. Later on 

 he came under 

 the influence 

 of Caravaggio, 

 and for some 

 years followed 

 his naturalis- 

 tic style; his 

 later work, however, is more 

 voluptuous. Many years of his 

 life were passed in Rome, where 

 Pope Paul V befriended him, but 

 his masterpiece, a Nativity, is hi 

 the church of S. Martino, Naples, 

 and he ended his career at Bologna, 

 overwhelmed by debts incurred 

 through gambling. He died Aug. 

 18, 1642. Guido was a most pro- 

 lific and facile painter and engraver, 

 and is amply represented in 

 English and other European 

 galleries. See Jesus Christ. 



Renmark. River port in South 

 Australia. It stands on the river 

 Murray, and has weekly steamer 

 communication with Morgan, 74 m. 



W., thence by rail to Adelaide. It the Warsaw front, where he 



is a prosperous centre of co- defeated the first German attempt 



operative fruit growing by irriga- on that city. In Nov., 1914, when 



tion, and was one of the earliest ^ " " 



Paul Rennenkampf, 

 Russian soldier 



irrigation colonies. Pop. 1,900. 



Rennell. Island of the Pacific 

 Ocean. It is 120 m. S. of Guadal- 

 canar. 



Rennenkampf, PAUL KAKLO- 

 VITCH (1854-1918). Russian soldier. 

 Of a good Russo-German family, 

 he was born 

 April 17, 1854, 

 educated a t 

 the Staff 

 Academy, St. 

 Petersburg, 

 and entered 

 the Russian 

 army as a lieu- 

 tenant in a 

 cavalry regi- 

 ment. He be- 

 came a colonel, 1896, and a general, 

 1905, having meanwhile seen active 

 service in China in 1900, and in the 

 Russo-Japanese War, 1904-5. He 

 subsequently published The Battle 

 of Mukden, of which there is a 

 French translation. On the out- 

 break of the Great War he was in 

 charge of the Vilna military district. 

 At the head of the army 

 of the Niemen he invaded E. 

 Prussia in Aug., 1914, and after 

 some successes was compelled to 

 retreat owing to the defeat of 

 Samsonoff at Tannenberg, but 

 being reinforced, he drove the 

 Germans back from the Niemen, 

 and again invaded E. Prussia. In 

 Oct., 1914, he was transferred to 



Rennes, France. Western facade of the cathedral, com' 

 pleted in 1844 



the Germans made their second 

 attempt, he failed to cooperate 

 effectively with General Russky, 

 and was retired. He was murdered 

 by Bolshevists in 1918. 



Rennes. Town of France, 

 capital of the dept. of Ille-et- 

 Vilaine, and of the former province 

 of Brittany. It lies at the con- 

 fluence of the rivers Hie and 

 Vilaine, 232 m. by rly. W.S.W. of 

 Paris, and is a rly. junction. It is 

 the seat of an archbishop, and the 

 headquarters of an army corps, 

 with large barracks and arsenal. 

 Rennes has a university and a 

 national school of agriculture. The 

 industries include tanning, and 

 there are foundries and printing 

 works, and a trade hi agricultural 

 produce and livestock. 



The chief part of the town lies 

 on the right bank of the Vilaine. 

 The cathedral, an old foundation, 

 was begun in 1787 and completed 

 in 1844. Other churches include 

 those of S. Sauveur, 1725, and of 

 Notre Dame-en-S. Melaine, a 13th 

 century abbey. The musee con- 

 tains a notable collection of paint- 

 ings and drawings by old masters. 

 The palais de justice, built 1618- 

 54, was the meeting place of the 

 old parlement of Brittany. 



Rennes was the capital of the 

 ancient Armorican tribe of the 

 Redones. Capital of Brittany hi 

 the 9th century, its parlement was 

 instituted by Henry II in 1551. A 

 fire hi 1720 de- 

 stroyed many old 

 buildings. The 

 second Dreyfus 

 trial took place in 

 the Lycee, 1899. 

 Pop. 79,500. 



Rennet (Middle 

 English rennen, 

 to cause to run to- 

 gether). Extract 

 from the lining of 

 the fourth or rennet 

 stomach of the calf. 

 It is used for curd- 

 ling milk in cheese- 

 making. The salted 

 linings used in the 

 preparation of 

 rennet are known 

 as veils. The curd- 

 ling action is due to 

 the ferment rennin, 

 which causes the 

 casein to coagulate 

 and entangle the 

 fat. Rennet also 

 contains another 

 ferment, pepsin, 

 that plays a part in 

 the ripening of 

 cheese. See Cheese. 



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