RESIDENTIAL. CLUB 



6572 



RESOLUTION 



in their international action, and 

 sometimes in domestic affairs, by 

 the advice of the resident. There 

 are British residents at the courts 

 of the principal Indian princes, and 

 Sir Evelyn Baring (Lord Cromer) 

 practically administered Egypt, 

 though he held only the title of 

 H.M. resident and consul-general. 



Residential Club. Club where 

 members may have permanent 

 board and residence. The move- 

 ment for residential clubs for 

 women received a great impetus 

 during the Great War, when large 

 numbers of women, for whom ac- 

 commodation had to be found, were 

 employed in government offices 

 and in other war work at a distance 

 from their homes. Certain pro- 

 minent ladies' clubs have for 

 many years provided bedrooms 

 which are available for a limited 

 period to members, but the resi- 

 dential club strictly so called pro- 

 vides permanent residence (if de- 

 sired) for women who have enrolled 

 themselves in the club. There were 

 several notable examples in London 

 before the war. 



In practically all cases the 

 basis was that of a public utility 

 undertaking. They varied from a 

 standard of reasonable hotel prices 

 and a corresponding standard of 

 living down to clubs for working 

 girls. During the war several new 

 large residential clubs were opened, 

 some of them under the auspices 

 of the Young Women's Christian 

 Association, in some of which 

 lodging and partial board (full 

 board except lunch) was provided 

 at from 18s. to 22s. a week for 

 government clerks and others. 



Residue (Lat. residere, to 

 remain behind). That which is 

 left, the remainder. The word is 

 used in connexion with wills and 

 bequests. In English law, a 

 residuary legatee is the person to 

 whom a testator bequeaths the 

 rest or residue of his personal 

 estate after satisfying particular 

 bequests. A residuary devisee is 

 the person to whom a testator 

 gives the rest of his real property, 

 after satisfying all the claims of 

 particular, or specific, devisees, 

 and after satisfying all other claims 

 on his real estate. See Will. 



Resilience. In engineering, 

 name given to the work done in 

 producing stress in a body within 

 its elastic limits, or the work done 

 by the body in regaining its 

 original form. Thus, if 13 tons per 

 sq. in. be the elastic limit of stress 

 for a steel bar, and if the bar be 

 subjected to any stress below 13 

 tons per sq. in., it will be tempor- 

 arily deformed. It will, how- 

 ever, elastically recover its original 

 shape and size when freed from 



stress, but if the elastic limit of 

 stress be exceeded, the bar will be 

 permanently deformed. The modu- 

 lus of resilience of a material is a 

 measure of its capacity for resist- 

 ing shocks or blows. 



Resin (Lat. resina). Name 

 given to certain vegetable and 

 mineral substances consisting en- 

 tirely of various combinations of 

 carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. 



Nearly all resins are translucent 

 solids at normal temperatures, 

 occasionally transparent, usually 

 aromatic, and melt easily. They 

 are soluble in alcohol, oils, etc., and 

 insoluble in water. Resins are 

 divided into two broad classes, 

 oleo-resins and gum resins. The 

 former contain volatile aromatic 

 oils which are driven off by distil- 

 lation, and the latter gummy and 

 mucilaginous substances which 

 may be removed by dissolving in 

 alcohols. 



The resins of commerce are 

 chiefly vegetable resins, e.g. 

 common resin or rosin, obtained 

 from various species of pine trees 

 by making an incision in the stem 

 and collecting the flowing juices. 

 Amfcer is a fossil coniferous resin. 



Resins are used in varnishing, 

 lacquer work, in the manufacture 

 of soap, waxes, printing inks, 

 greases, as antiseptics, as adulter- 

 ants of many substances, etc. 

 They are contained in balsam, and 

 from the crude resin obtained from 

 pines turpentine is distilled. See 

 Amber ; Balsam ; Gum ; Lacquer ; 

 Turpentine ; Varnish. 



Resina. Town of Italy, in the 

 prov. of Naples. It stands on the 

 Gulf of Naples, adjoining Portici 

 (q.v.) at the S.W. base of Mt. 

 Vesuvius, and is built on the lava 

 streams covering Herculaneum 

 (q.v.). The starting place of the 

 electric rly. ascending the volcano, 

 it has trade in the famous Lacrima 

 Christi wine made from the vines 

 grown on its slopes. Pop. 20,000. 



Resistance. Term used in elec- 

 tricity. The resistance of an elec- 

 tric conductor is the measure of the 

 extent to which it resists or op- 

 poses the passage of an electric cur- 

 rent. The practical unit of resist- 

 ance is the ohm. The resistance of 

 a conductor varies according to the 

 material of which it consists ; of all 

 practicable conductors copper of- 

 fers the least resistance to the cur- 

 rent flow. In proportion as resist- 

 ance increases, heat in the conductor 

 is developed, and the electromo- 

 tive force of the current is lowered. 

 In a conductor of uniform section 

 throughout, the total resistance in- 

 creases directly in proportion to its 

 length, but decreases in proportion 

 as the cross-sectional area of the 

 conductor is increased. In another 



sense, resistance is any object in- 

 terposed in a circuit which de- 

 velops or opposes resistance to the 

 current flow. Such are a number of 

 coils of wire, connected in series, 

 inserted in a circuit for the express 

 purpose of increasing resistance. 



Each coil is connected to a 

 terminal with a contact stud, and 

 by moving a switch lever from one 

 stud to another any or all of the 

 coils in series may be connected up 

 to the circuit ; by this means the 

 resistance may be varied. One of 

 the applications of resistances is in 

 the starting up of motors ; if the 

 full current were allowed to tra- 

 .verse the armature winding at 

 starting, the heat developed would 

 cause injury, and resistances are 

 therefore inserted to prevent a full 

 rush of current. By moving over 

 the switch lever the resistances may 

 be cut out step by step until the 

 motor is running up to speed. Spu- 

 rious resistance is any resistance in 

 a circuit which exerts a counter 

 electromotive force, such as self- 

 induction. It differs from true re- 

 sistance in that no heat is devel- 

 oped or dissipated. See Electricity ; 

 Electric Power ; Electric Trans- 

 mission. 



Res judicata (Lat., thing 

 judged). Term in general use in 

 law. It means a dispute or matter 

 which has been finally and de- 

 cisively adjudicated upon by a 

 competent court, so that it cannot 

 be reopened. It is a matter of high 

 legal policy that when once a ques- 

 tion has been tried and finished it 

 shall not be reopened ; otherwise 

 there would be no end to litigation. 

 The plea of res judicata is conclu- 

 sive ; but it only applies when the 

 person who brings a fresh suit is 

 really trying to rake up the identi- 

 cal matter that was determined in 

 the previous case. Res Judicatae is 

 the title of a book of essays by 

 Augustine Birrell (q.v.). 



Resolution. Literally, some- 

 thing that is decided upon, and 

 therefore meaning determination 

 and steadiness. In a narrower, but 

 derived sense, the word is used for 

 a proposal put in definite terms be- 

 fore a public meeting or a com- 

 mittee. The House of Commons 

 sometimes declares its will in reso- 

 lutions, but these are not laws 

 until embodied in an Act of 

 Parliament. See Chairman ; Meet- 

 ing, Public. 



Resolution. In music, the ne- 

 cessary progression of a discord to 

 an adjoining note so as to com- 

 plete the grammatical 

 3 r^Tal -i sense. Here F is the 

 vj) f I r=i discord which resolves 

 upon E. The term is 

 also applied to the progression of 

 the chord containing the discord. 



