RESPITE 



by miners and the like engaged 

 in rescue work in disasters, in cer- 

 tain trades for protecting the 

 workmen from breathing air filled 

 with metallic or other particles, 

 etc. Essentially it consists of a fine 

 gauze through which the air must 

 pass before being inhaled. Many 



Respirator of wire gauze for pro- 

 tecting the mouth 



varieties of respirator have been 

 used, in some of which the air 

 passes through several layers of 

 gauze for purification and also for 

 warming purposes. During the 

 Great War respirators were largely 

 used for warding off gas attacks. 

 See Gas Mask. 



Respite. In English law, a de- 

 lay, forbearance, or continuance 

 of time in a legal proceeding. Thus, 

 if an appeal at quarter sessions is 

 not ready for hearing, the recorder 

 or chairman may order the case to 

 be respited until the next sessions. 

 It has much the same meaning as 

 the word adjourn. See Reprieve. 



Respoudentia. A written con- 

 tract, whereby the captain of a 

 ship borrows money for the use of 

 the ship on an emergency arising 

 out of a maritime risk, which risk 

 appears from the written contract, 

 and hypothecates (i.e. mortgages) 

 the cargo as security for repayment 

 of the loan. When the contract in- 

 cludes ship and freight, as well as 

 cargo, it is called bottomry. 



Responsibility. Condition of 

 being responsible, a term fre- 

 quently used in English law, in con- 

 tracts and statutes. In leases it is 

 frequently provided that the lease 

 shall not be assigned except to a 

 respectable and responsible person. 

 The word here means a person who 

 has the necessary means to pay the 

 rent and satisfy the other lessees' 

 obligations. Carriers of goods 

 sometimes stipulate that they will 

 not be responsible for certain 

 articles (e.g. livestock and perish- 

 able goods) entrusted to them for 

 carriage ; and such a stipulation 

 covers both loss and damage. A 

 bankrupt M.P. may be certified as 

 not responsible for his bankruptcy 

 where it has been caused by sheer 

 misfortune. 



Rest. In music, sign to indicate 

 silence. Rests are of different 

 values corresponding to the various 

 notes. They may 

 be dotted, but 

 never twice- 

 dotted. Silence 

 for a whole bar, 



6574 



whatever the value, is usually 

 shown by a semibreve rest. The 

 word is used by the Bank of 

 England and other banks for their 

 reserves, while another meaning is 

 for that part of a lathe which 

 supports the cutting too]. 



Restaurant (Fr. restaurer, to 

 restore). Establishment where re- 

 freshments and meals are provided. 

 The word was first used in this 

 sense in Paris about 1765 by one 

 Boulanger or Champ d'Oiseau, 

 who opened the first establishment 

 of the kind raszaaf^mtfR* 

 in the rue 

 d e s Poulies. 

 His success 

 brought imi- 

 tators. Chefs 

 and stewards 

 left their em- 

 ployers and 

 opened res- 

 taurants, es- 

 pecially after 

 the Revolu- 

 tion, when 

 ruined mas- 

 ters could no 

 longer keep 

 up a staff. 

 Among the 

 early restau- 

 rants was that 

 kept by An- 

 toine Beau- 

 villiers, the 

 inventor of 

 the a la carte 

 .system. Voisin's and Paillard's are 

 well-known modern Parisian res- 

 taurants. 



Of the few London restaurants 

 where old English fare survives the 

 most widely known is the Cheshire 

 Cheese, in Wine Office Court, Fleet 

 Street, famous for its pudding of 

 many choice ingredients. Birch's, 

 the celebrated turtle soup house in 

 Cornhill, and Simpson's, in the 

 Strand, are also noted. 



What may be called the restaur- 

 ant habit in London dates from the 

 later decades of the 19th century. 

 The large fashionable hotels began 

 to cater for the needs of fastidious 

 diners on an elaborate scale, and 

 for many people with money to 

 spare a restaurant dinner became 

 the normal way of starting the 

 evening. Suppers after the theatre 

 became popular. Other estab- 

 lishments unattached to hotels 

 competed, at widely varying prices, 

 for the custom of Londoners 

 anxious to escape from the com- 

 parative dullness and monotony of 

 dining at home. The restaurants of 



Rest Harrow. Leaves 

 and flowers 



Semibreve Minim Crotchet Quaver 



Semi- Demi-semi- 

 quaver quaver 



RESTORATION 



Soho, run by French or Italian pro- 

 prietors, provide good dinners taste- 

 fully served at reasonable prices. 

 The popularity of the restaurant 

 was due in part to the growing 

 difficulty of obtaining efficient 

 domestic servants. See Cafe. 



Rest Harrow (Ononis spinosa) 

 "OR WILD LIQUORICE. Shrubby 

 dwarf perennial of the natural 

 order Leguminosae. It is a native 

 of Europe, W. Asia, and N. Africa. 

 It has a creeping rootstock, above 

 or below ground, whose rooting 

 gives it so firm a hold that it was 

 said to arrest the plough or harrow 

 in its progress. The leaves are un- 

 divided or broken up into three 

 leaflets. The flowers, of somewhat 

 similar form to those of the furze, 

 are pink with red streaks. The 

 fruit is a small pod. In dry soils the 

 stems become more erect and 

 develop spines. 



Restigouche. River of New 

 Brunswick, Canada. It rises in the 

 hills in the W. of the province, 

 flows N.E., and then turning E. 

 forms the boundary between Que- 

 bec and New Brunswick. It is 225 

 m. long, falls into Chaleur Bay, and 

 is navigable for large vessels for 

 about 20 m. The name, an Indian 

 one, means " the river in the 

 shape of a hand," the reason being 

 that it has five main arms. 



Restitution (Lat. restituere, to 

 set up again). Act of restoring 

 something taken away, or making 

 good. The restitution of conjugal 

 rights is a phrase used in English 

 divorce law. A husband or wife 

 whose spouse refuses to cohabit 

 may obtain a decree for the resti- 

 tution of conjugal rights, whereby 

 the spouse is ordered to return to 

 cohabitation within a fixed time. 

 If the respondent disobeys the 

 order he or she is not punished, 

 as was formerly the case, but dis- 

 obedience constitutes desertion. 

 See Divorce. 



Restoration, THE. In English 

 and Scottish history this term 

 means almost always the restora- 

 tion of Charles II in 1660. In 

 France it refers to the restoration 

 of the Bourbons in 1814. The so- 

 called Restoration period in Eng- 

 land embraces the years after 1660 

 when, in morals and literature, 

 there was a reaction from the 

 austerity of the Puritan rule, 

 which showed itself in licence and 

 even indecency. The poets and 

 wits who led this movement are the 

 poets and wits of the Restoration, 

 and a group of playwrights, Con- 

 greve and Wycherley being the 

 most prominent, are known as the 

 Restoration dramatists. 



The restoration of Charles II 

 was the work, not of Monk, but of 

 events. After his romantic escape 



