RESULTANT TONES 



6576 



RESURRECTION BAY 



Resultant Tones. Acoustical 

 phenomenon produced by the 

 simultaneous sounding and sus- 

 taining of two loud notes. Differ- 

 ential tones are according to the 

 difference of vibrations between 

 the generators. Thus, in the case 

 of a fifth, the relative proportions 

 of which are 2 : 3, the differential 

 tone will be equal to 1, i.e. an oc- 

 tave deeper than the lower genera- 

 tor. It is on this principle that the 

 acoustical bass of some organ 

 pedal stops is produced. Summa- 

 tional tones, on the other hand, are 

 the result of the sum of the vibra- 

 tions. Resultant tones, which are 

 more subjective than objective, 

 were first noticed by the violinist 

 Tartini in 1714, who taught his 

 pupils to apply them as a test of 

 accurate tuning. He called them 

 Terzi Suoni or Third Sounds. 



Resurrection (Lat. resurgere, to 

 rise again). Term specially used 

 of rising from the dead, also applied 

 figuratively to the revival of any- 

 thing in a state of decay. Every 

 spring witnesses a resurrection, the 

 renewal of the life of nature, to 

 which winter had brought death. 

 In many religions there are myths 

 of resurrection, the descent of a 

 god or goddess to the realms of 

 darkness, and the ascent again to 

 the world of light. 



The conception meets us in the 

 O.T., first of all, in the two records 

 of restoration of life by a prophet 

 (1 Kings xvii, 20-24 ; 2 Kings iv, 

 32-37). It is applied figuratively 

 to the nation's restoration from 

 Divine judgement to Divine fa- 

 vour (Hosea vi, 1-3). To the hope 

 of national restoration there at- 

 tached itself the hope of individual 

 restoration from death to life. It 

 seemed an intolerable thought that 

 those who died before " the day of 

 the Lord " should have no share in 

 its blessings, and so the belief arose 

 that the good and godly would 

 be raised up even from the grave 

 (Isaiah xxvi, 19). This belief was 

 afterwards extended to include the 

 bad as well as the righteous (Daniel 

 xii, 2) ; the one class to be con- 

 signed to eternal torture, the other 

 to be blessed with eternal life. 

 Doctrine of the Last Things 



There can be little doubt that 

 Judaism was strongly influenced 

 by the corresponding doctrine of 

 Zoroastrianism, in which there is a 

 very detailed eschatology or doc- 

 trine of the last things. In the 

 Apocryphal and Apocalyptic writ- 

 ings the doctrine of the Resurrec- 

 tion assumes a much more definite 

 form. In some of these writings 

 only the resurrection of the 

 righteous is taught, in others of the 

 wicked as well. In 2 Maccabees 

 vii, 11, the martyr expects to 



receive back the tongue and hands 

 of which he had been deprived on 

 earth. In Enoch v, 16, a contrast 

 between present and future con- 

 ditions is asserted ; the garments 

 of life given at the Resurrection will 

 not grow old. 



The Sadducees regarded this 

 development as an illegitimate 

 innovation, but the Pharisees 

 accepted it (Acts xxiii, 8). How 

 completely the latter expected the 

 restoration of earthly conditions 

 at the Resurrection is seen in the 

 problem regarding the woman 

 with seven husbands which the 

 former submitted to Jesus for solu- 

 tion (Matt, xxii, 23-33). Jesus in 

 His answer censured the Sad- 

 ducees' rejection of the belief in 

 the future life in communion with 

 God ; but no less did He condemn 

 the Pharisaic literalism, and as- 

 serted a great change hi the con- 

 ditions of the future life. Paul no 

 less insists on a continuity of life, 

 but also on a contrast of its condi- 

 tions, opposing to the natural the 

 spiritual body (1 Cor. xv, 39-58). 



The hope of the Resurrection is 

 not, however, the survival of the 

 soul after its escape from im- 

 prisonment in the body. In the 

 Christian doctrine no material 

 identity is affirmed between the 

 body laid in the grave and the 

 body raised, as has sometimes been 

 assumed; that assumption is ex- 

 cluded by the teaching of Jesus 

 and Paul. But what is unequivoc- 

 ally asserted is that the personality 

 of which the identity is maintained 

 will not be disembodied, but pos- 

 sess an organ of activity and com- 

 munication, described as spiritual 

 because adapted to spiritual uses 

 as the natural body is not. 

 Second Advent 



In the N.T. the Resurrection is 

 closely connected with the Second 

 Advent of Christ, and is expected 

 in the immediate future. When 

 some believers died before that 

 much desired and eagerly expected 

 event, Paul found it necessary to 

 comfort the mourners with the as- 

 surance that the living at the 

 Second Advent would have no 

 advantage over the dead (1 Thes- 

 salonians iv, 13-18). In view of 

 the predominance of the expecta- 

 tion of a speedy Advent, the N.T. 

 is silent regarding the conditions 

 of the intermediate state between 

 death and the Resurrection. In 

 the Fourth Gospel the ideas of 

 judgement and resurrection are 

 spiritualised, and yet the com- 

 mon Apostolic expectation is not 

 abandoned. The teaching of Jesus, 

 according to the Fourth Gospel, 

 about the Father's house of many 

 mansions (xiv, 1-3), has led mo- 

 dern Christian faith to assume, 



without recognizing any departure 

 from the prevalent teaching of 

 the N.T., that Christ receives the 

 believer at death, and that the 

 glory and blessedness of heaven 

 are at once possessed. 



The divine seal on the human 

 hope of resurrection is given in the 

 fact of the Resurrection of Jesus 

 (1 Cor. xv, 12-19). To conceive 

 this fact as merely a survival of 

 the soul of Christ is to ignore the 

 consistent meaning of the word 

 resurrection in the Old and the 

 New Testament. To add the 

 epithet spiritual does not justify 

 such a wide departure from the 

 usage. The N.T. teaches that 

 Jesus was raised from the dead 

 bodily. It is not at all necessary 

 to assume any material identity of 

 the body laid hi the sepulchre 

 with the body in which Christ 

 appeared. It was with a spiritual 

 body Jesus rose from the dead, 

 and the relation between that and 

 His natural body we may assume 

 is described by Paul (1 Cor. xv, 

 51-52) ; by an act of God the one 

 was changed into the other. 

 Gospel Evidence 



On the belief in the Resurrection 

 the faith of the Christian Church 

 in Christ as Living and Reigning 

 Saviour and Lord rests. The at- 

 tempt to account for that belief 

 apart from the fact, as in the vision 

 hypothesis, has against it the 

 amount and the nature of the evi- 

 dence, the number and the charac- 

 ter of the witnesses, in all of whom 

 the necessary psychical conditions 

 of vision cannot be assumed as pre- 

 sent. The records in the Gospels of 

 the appearances, while not contra- 

 dictory, cannot be entirely harmon- 

 ised; but th^y are not the oldest 

 literary evidence. That is found hi 

 1 Cor. xv, 1-11, written at a date so 

 near the event itself as to preclude 

 the growth of a myth, while Paul's 

 conversion is the most striking 

 proof of the presence and opera- 

 tion of the Risen Lord. See In- 

 carnation; Jesus Christ. 



Alfred E. Garvie 



Bibliography. The Gospel of the 

 Resurrection, B. F. Westcott, 6th 

 edition, 188$; On the Nature of 

 the Resurrection Body, J. Jones, 

 1898 ; Historical Evidences for 

 the Resurrection of Jesus Christ, 

 K. Lake, 1907 ; The Resurrection 

 of Jesus, J. Orr, 1908; The Re- 

 surrection and Modern Thought, 

 W. J. S. Simpson, 1911 ; Critical 

 History of the Doctrine of the 

 Future Life, R, H. Charles, 2nd 

 ed. 1913; The Resurrection of the 

 Flesh, J. T. Darragh, 1921. 



Resurrection Bay. Inlet of 

 Alaska, on the S.E. coast of Kenai 

 peninsula. From the bay was 

 launched in 1794 the first vessel 

 built in Alaska (q.v.). 



