REVEILLE 



Reveille (Fr. rtveWer, to 

 awaken). Term used in the army 

 for the bugle or trumpet call 

 which rouses men in the morning. 

 Pron. revally or revelly. 



Revel. Term for a noisy, riotous 

 feast or merry-making. It was 

 applied to the English and Scottish 

 foolery carried on under a lord of 

 misrule or abbot of unreason (q.v.). 

 At an early date entertainments at 

 court were known as revels, and 

 the official whose duty it was to 

 arrange and control these enter- 

 tainments was known as the master 

 of the revels. The office is at least 

 as old as the time of Edward III ; 

 by the time of Henry VIII it was 

 a post of importance, and in 

 Elizabeth's reign the master of the 

 revels, magister jocorum, revel- 

 lontm et mascorum, was made also 

 dramatic censor. Sir Edmund 

 Tilney held the office, 1579-1610, 

 and his successor, Sir George Buc, 

 wrote a treatise on the Art of 

 Revels which has been lost. By 

 1737 the office seems to have died ; 

 the theatrical jurisdiction attached 

 to it was, at all events, transferred 

 to a legally appointed stage censor. 

 See The Tudor Revels, E. K. Cham- 

 bers, 1906 ; William Hunnis and 

 the Revels of the Chapel Royal, C.C. 

 Stopes, 1910 ; Censorship in Eng- 

 land, F. Powell andF. Palmer, 1913. 



Revelation (Lit., an unveiling). 

 Name used to describe the self- 

 manifestation of God to man or 

 the disclosure by God of Divine 

 truth to man. In every form of 

 religion there are two sides: (1) 

 the quest of man for God ; (2) the 

 impartation by God of truth to man. 

 The second aspect is known as 

 Revelation. The belief in Revela- 

 tion assumes the possibility that 

 God can communicate knowledge 

 of Himself to man. This com- 

 munication is made in many forms. 

 It may come through nature. 

 As the Psalmist says : " The 

 heavens declare the glory of God, 

 and the firmament showeth his 

 handiwork." It may come through 

 the enlightenment of the mind 

 and the awakening of conscience. 

 The Hebrew prophets felt that God 

 had put His word into their mouths. 



The older theories of inspiration 

 maintained that the truths of 

 Revelation were verbally dictated 

 to the prophets. That view is now 

 completely abandoned (see Pro- 

 phecy). " Spiritual things are 

 spiritually discerned." There must 

 be a certain quality of mind and , 

 soul in the recipient before the 

 Divine manifestation can be im- 

 parted, and the character of the 

 Revelation is always coloured and 

 modified by the character of the 

 personality to whom it is given. 

 Hence there was a development in 



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the process of Revelation, because 

 there was a growth in the capacity 

 of men to receive the Divine truth. 

 The O.T., therefore, is the record 

 of the development of Revelation, 

 which continually works up to- 

 ward its climax in Christianity. 

 Christianity claims to be the per- 

 fect, complete, and final Revelation 

 of God. See Bible , Inspiration. 



Revelation, BOOK OF. Book of 

 the N.T. The title is derived from 

 the Greek word Apokalypsis (un- 

 veiling, or revelation), and hence 

 the book is often called " The 

 Apocalypse." It belongs to a 

 special type of literature known as 

 Apocalyptic, and stands in the 

 same class as the Book of Daniel 

 and the many Jewish Apocalypses 

 which appeared in the inter- 

 mediate period between the O.T. 

 and N.T. Tradition ascribes the 

 authorship of the book to John the 

 Apostle, but ever since the time of 

 Dionysius of Alexandria this has 

 been questioned, and most modern 

 scholars are agreed that it could 

 not have been written by the 

 author of the Fourth Gospel. 



The interpretation of the Apo- 

 calypse has always been a diffi- 

 culty; while its strange and fan- 

 tastic imagery has always ap- 

 pealed to the Christian mind, there 

 has been the utmost diversity of 

 opinion as to its meaning. Some 

 theologians, known as the Futurists, 

 have held that its predictions are 

 entirely concerned with the events 

 connected with the end of the 

 world. Others hold that it contains 

 a prophetic forecast of the history 

 of the world, from its own day to 

 the end of time. 



Both views are improbable, as 

 they are in conflict with the writer's 

 own statement that he was speaking 

 about things which were " shortly 

 to come to pass," and moreover 

 they are out of keeping with the 

 genius of ancient prophecy. It is a 

 great mistake to suppose the Book 

 of Revelation contains a crypto- 

 gram, by solving which it is possible 

 lor us to ascertain the date of the 

 end of the age. The true inter- 

 pretation is what is known as the 

 Preterist, which holds that through- 

 out the book the writer is speaking 

 of the events (either 

 actual or predicted) of 

 his own day. The fjdSHni 

 Church was face to face ij$i : j& 

 with a serious persecu- 

 tion which threatened 

 its extinction. 

 The conflict be- 

 tween Christi- 

 anity and Caesar- 

 worship was at its 

 height. The book 

 of Revelation 

 was written to 



REVERBERATORY 



comfort and encourage the suffer- 

 ing Christians in the age of 

 Domitian. It held out to them the 

 promise, which was the main 

 article in the Apocalyptic faith, of 

 the intervention of God, Who would 

 destroy their enemies and secure 

 their own salvation. See Apoca- 

 lypse ; Bible ; John, S. ; consult 

 also The Book of the Revelation, 

 C. Anderson Scott, 1905. 



Revcntlow, COUNT ERNST CHRIS- 

 TIAN ETOAR LUDWIO DETLEV zu 

 (b. 1869). German publicist. Born 

 at Husum, 

 Aug. 18, 1869, 

 he served in the 

 navy, but be- 

 came known as 

 an able jour- 

 nalist of the 

 Pan-G e r m a n 

 party and 

 writer of books 

 Count zu Reventlow on strategic 

 German publicist and political 

 subjects. His articles in the 

 Deutsche Tageszeitung on naval 

 policy during the Great War 

 attracted wide attention. His pub- 

 lished works include a history of the 

 Russo-Japanese War, 1906 ; Eng- 

 lish Sea Power, 1906; World 

 Peace or World War, 1907 ; The 

 Kaiser and the Monarchists, 1913 ; 

 Germany on the Sea, 1914 ; Ger- 

 many's Foreign Policy, 1888-1913, 

 1914; The Influence of Sea 

 Power in the Great War, 1918 ; 

 Political Antecedents of the Great 

 War, 1919. Pron. Raven-tlo. 



Revenue (Lat. revenire, to come 

 back). Receipts or rents of any 

 kind. The word is chiefly used, 

 however, for the revenue of a state, 

 as are the phrases, national revenue 

 and inland revenue. A revenue 

 officer is an officer of the customs 

 and excise, and a revenue cutter, an 

 armed vessel, such as was formerly 

 used to prevent smuggling. See 

 Customs ; Income Tax ; National 

 Finance ; Preventive Service. 



Reverberatory Furnace. Type 

 of furnace much used in metallurgy 

 and in the manufacture of certain 

 heavy chemicals. It is so called 

 from the form of the internal 

 arch or crown of the 

 furnace, which is 



Reverberatory Furnace. A. 

 Furnace. B. Hearth or labo- 

 ratory. C. Chimney. D. Hopper for introduction of ore. 

 E. Taphole for withdrawal of molten metal. F. Side door 

 giving access to furnace. G. Furnace door. H. Ashpit 



