REWAKANTHA 



6586 



REYNOLDS 



portion of the agency of Bagel - 

 khand. The chief rivers are the 

 Sone and the Tons. The main crops 

 are rice, millet, and wheat, but 

 much of the land is covered with 

 forest. The state has been under 

 British influence since 1812. Its 

 area is 13,000 sq. m. Pop. 1,515,000. 

 Its capital, the town of Rewah, is 

 75 m. S.W. of Allahabad. Pop. 

 26,000. 



Rewakantha. Agency of native 

 states in India, in Bombay Presi- 

 dency. It comprises Rajpipla, 

 Chota Udaipur, Bariya, Lunavada, 

 and many smaller states to a total 

 number of 60, and forms part of 

 the Gujarat group of agencies. It 

 lies to the N.E. of Baroda and is 

 crossed by the rly. from Baroda to 

 Ratlam, and by the Mahi river. 

 There are considerable areas of 

 forest. The natives are chiefly 

 Bhils and Kolis. Its area is 4,956 

 sq. m. Pop. 665,000. 



Reward. Voluntary recom 

 pense for voluntary service. In 

 law, where an advertisement is 

 published, offering a reward to 

 anyone who does something, e.g. 

 gives certain information or restores 

 lost property, anyone who does the 

 act is legally entitled to the 

 reward. In other words, there is 

 a valid contract. It is a punishable 

 offence to advertise a reward for 

 the return of stolen property, " no 

 questions asked," for this is con- 

 doning a crime. The Corrupt 

 Practices Act, 1883, prohibits the 

 offering of a reward to a voter for 

 his vote, and here reward means 

 not only money, but money's 

 worth, e.g. employment. 



Rewari. Town of the Punjab, 

 India, in Gurgaon dist. It is a rly. 

 junction 32 m. S.E. of Gurgaon. 

 The town is of great antiquity, but 

 owes its present importance as a 

 trading centre in iron, salt, sugar, 

 and wheat to British influences. 

 Fine turbans and brass and pewter 

 vessels are the chief manufac- 

 tures. Pop. 24,800. 



Reybaud, MARIE ROCH Louis 

 (1799-1879). French author. Born 

 at Marseilles, Aug. 15, 1799, he 

 spent some time in Asia before 

 becoming a journalist in Paris. 

 Holding advanced views, he took 



?art in politics and was in the 

 hamber of Deputies, 1846-51. 

 He died in Paris, Oct. 28, 1879. 

 Reybaud's reputation rests upon 

 his writings, especially his satires 

 put into the mouth of Jerdme 

 Paturot. He wrote also books on 

 industrial and economic subjects. 

 Reyer, ERNEST (1823-1909). 

 French composer. Born at Mar- 

 seilles, he became a public servant 

 in Algeria. There he produced his 

 first opera, after which, settling in 

 Paris, he devoted himself to music. 



Of his operas the most notable are 

 Maitre Wolfram, 1854, La Statue, 

 1861, and especially Sigurd, 1884. 

 He wrote on music for the Journal 

 des Debats, and among his books is 

 Forty Years of Music, 1909. Reyer 

 died Jan. 15, 1909. 



Reykjavik. Town and seaport 



of Iceland, the capital of the island. 



It stands on the Kollafiord, an 



- opening of the S.W. coast. The 



chief buildings are the cathedral, 



Reykjavik, Iceland. Parliament buildings and, right, 

 the cathedral 



governor's house, observatory, 

 library, museum, and hospital. The 

 building where the parliament of 

 Iceland meets contains a library 

 rich in historical works. Most of 

 the houses are built of wood. In 

 the largest square in the town is 

 a statue of Thorwaldsen. There 

 is steamer connexion with Copen- 

 hagen, and from here fish, butter, 

 and skins are exported. Pop. 

 16,000. See Iceland. 



Reynard the Fox. Ancient 

 animal legend or beast fable. Appa- 

 rently of Oriental origin, with the 

 fox as hero by reason of his 

 superior cunning over the other 

 animals, its satirical qualities grew 

 with its European development. 

 It is traceable in Germany to mon- 

 astic Latin of the 10th century. 

 There was a metrical version, Rein- 

 ardus Vulpes, afterwards called 

 Isengrimus, by a Flemish priest, 

 Nivardus of Ghent, in 1148 ; and in 

 1180 another, Isengrene's Not, or 

 Reinhart Fuchs, in Middle High 

 German, by an Alsatian, Heinrich 

 de Glichezare. Early in the 13th 

 century a French priest, Pierre de 

 St. Cloud, composed a poem on the 

 subject, which inspired a Flemish 

 poem, Reinaert, by J. F. Willems. A 

 prose work, Die Hystorie van Rey- 

 naert de Vos, by Gerard Leeu, was 

 printed at Gouda, Holland. 1479, 

 from the Low German of Vhich 

 Caxton made a translation in 1481. 

 The earliest printed German edi- 

 tion is one published at Liibeck in 

 1498. Goethe's Reinecke Fuchs, 

 1794, is a free version in hexa- 

 meters of the Low German poem. 

 There is an estimate of the comic 

 and satirical qualities of the work 



in Carlyle's miscellaneous essays. A 

 poem of the chase by John Mase- 

 field is entitled Reynard the Fox. 



Bibliography. Reynard in South 

 Africa, Dr. Bleek, 1864 ; Le roman 

 de Renart, E. Martin, 1882-87 ; 

 Die Hystorie van Raynaert de Vos, 

 W. J. MullerandH. Logeman, 1892 ; 

 Reynard the Fox, J. Jacobs, 1895; 

 Les Sources du roman de Renart, 

 L. Sudre, 1893 ; reprint of Cax- 

 ton's trans., ed. E. Arber, 1895 ; 

 metrical version, P. S. Ellis, 1897. 



Reynolds, SIR 



JOSHUA (1723- 

 92). British paint- 

 er. He was born 

 July 16, 1723, 

 at Plympton in 

 Devonshire, h i s 

 father, Samuel 

 Reynolds, being 

 master of the 

 grammar school 

 in that place. In 

 early days he was 

 intended for the 

 medical profes- 

 sion, but snowing 

 aptitude for paint- 

 ing, was sent from home in 1740, 

 and placed in the studio of Hudson, 

 the best portrait painter of his 

 day. After a while he returned 

 to Devonshire, where he painted 

 a considerable number of por- 

 traits, but in 1744 was back 

 again in London, and five years 

 afterwards went out in the 

 Centurion to the Mediterranean. 

 He visited Lisbon, the Balearic 

 Islands, Leghorn, Florence, and 

 Rome, remaining in the latter 

 place for two years, studying the 

 works of the Italian masters. He 

 then made a tour through other 

 parts of Italy, and went to Paris. 

 On his return to England he settled 

 in London, in 1760 finally estab- 

 lishing himself in Leicester Square, 

 where he remained until his death, 

 making, however, occasional visits 

 to Devonshire. 



Reynolds was an exceedingly 

 popular man in the best London 

 society of the period, personally 

 acquainted with everyone who was 

 worth knowing. His intimate 

 friend was Dr. Johnson, whose 

 death in 1784 was a severe blow to 

 the artist. Others were Burke, 

 Garrick, and Goldsmith, and it was 

 Reynolds who, in 1764, suggested 

 the formation of the Literary Club ; 

 in 1765 he became a member also 

 of the Society of Dilettanti. When 

 the Royal Academy was founded 

 in 1768 Reynolds became its first 

 president, and received the honour 

 of knighthood, and for the next 20 

 years exhibited in its gallery some 

 of his most notable pictures. He 

 was responsible for the foundation 

 of the Royal Academy Schools, and 

 delivered his first discourse to the 



