RHINEUAND 



659 1 



RHODE ISLAND 



Rhineland, RHINE PROVINCE OR 

 RHENISH PRUSSIA. Province of 

 Prussia, Germany. It lies between 

 Holland and Lorraine, Westphalia 

 and Luxemburg, and is the most 

 densely peopled province of the 

 state. Rye, wheat, oats, and barley 

 are grown extensively ; the vine 

 flourishes in the valleys of the 

 Rhine and the Moselle. The Ruhr 

 coalfield is the basis of the great in- 

 dustries of the Diisseldorf dist. j the 

 Saar coalfield is in the S.W. (See 

 Saar Basin.) Iron, zinc, lead, and 

 copper are mined and textiles are 

 woven. Cologne is the largest city, 

 Coblenz is the capital. Its area is 

 9,470 sq. m. Pop. 6,769,000. 



The idea of an independent 

 Rhineland republic, begun after 

 the Great War, resulted in its pro- 

 clamation on Oct. 21, 1923, at 

 Aix-la-Chapelle. The Separatist 

 movement spread to other towns, 

 but later showed signs of collapsing. 

 Rhine-Rhone Canal. Water- 

 way of France providing river and 

 canal connexion between the 

 Rhone and the Rhine. Starting 

 from St. Symphorien, on the river 

 Sa6ne, it passes S.E. to the Doubs, 

 which it follows until it passes S. of 

 Belfort to Mulhouse and enters the 

 Rhine basin. From Mulhouse it 

 passes N. to Strasbourg. Con- 

 structed between 1783-1834, it is 

 193 m. in length. 



Rhinitis (from Gr. rhis, nose). 

 Inflammation of the mucous mem- 

 brane of the nose. Acute catarrhal 

 rhinitis may be the familiar cold in 

 the head, or may be caused by irri- 

 tating gases, dust, or pollen of 

 plants, catarrh due to the last being 

 spoken of as hay fever. 



Chronic rhinitis occurs in two 

 forms. In the hypertrophic form 

 there is thickening of the tissues 

 covering the bones in the inside of 

 the nose, which may cause some 

 obstruction to respiration. In dry 

 chronic rhinitis there is little dis- 

 charge, and the exudation dries 

 and forms crusts on the tissues. 



Rhinoceros (Gr. rhinos, of the 

 nose ; keras, horn). Genus of large 

 ungulate mammals, confined to 

 Central and S. Africa and S. Asia, 

 and once common in Europe, in- 

 cluding Great Britain. Five species 

 are usually recognized, of which 

 three occur in Asia. Their most 

 obvious distinction from all other 

 mammals is the presence of one 

 or two horns in the middle line 

 of the face. But these are not 

 horns in the same sense as those 

 of the ox. They have no con- 

 nexion with the bones of the skull, 

 but consist of agglutinated masses 

 of horny fibres or hairs growing out 

 of the skin. The rhinoceros belongs 

 to the odd-toed group of ungulates, 

 or hoofed mammals, and has three 



sub -equal toes on each foot and no 

 projecting snout. 



The Indian rhinoceros has one 

 horn, and is distinguished by the 

 thick tuberculed skin, which is 

 folded in places and has something 

 of the appearance of an ancient 

 coat of plate armour. It stands a 

 little over five feet high at the 

 shoulder, and is of very heavy and 

 clumsy appearance. It is found in 

 swampy spots in the jungle, and is 

 usually timid and inoffensive. It 

 has been known to live over 60 

 years in captivity, and in a wild 

 state it probably completes its cen- 

 tury. The Javan and Sumatran 



Rhizopoda (Gr. rhiza, root; 

 pous, foot). Word used by zoolo- 

 gists for the class which includes 

 the lowest members of the protozoa 

 or primitive animals. It includes 

 such organisms as the amoeba, 

 radiolaria, and mycetozoa. They 

 are characterised by having no 

 rind or containing integument 

 around their body protoplasm, 

 and by throwing out pseudopodia. 



Rhoades, JAMES (1841-1923). 

 British poet. The son of Rev. J. P. 

 Rhoades, rector of Clonmel, he was 

 born April 9, 1841. He was educa- 

 ted at Rugby and Trinity College, 

 Cambridge, where he won the 



Rhinoceros. 



One-horned species found in Indian jungles, distinguished by its 

 thick folds of skin, resembling plates of armour 



Gambler Bolton, -F.Z.ii. 



rhinoceroses are smaller in size, and 

 the skin is smooth and inclined to 

 be hairy. The latter species has 

 two horns, usually short. 



The black rhinoceros is a native 

 of Africa, and ranges from Abys- 

 sinia to Cape Colony, being usually 

 found in thickets near streams. It 

 has two horns, and the skin is 

 smooth and almost hairless. The 

 upper lip is prolonged and pointed, 

 and, being somewhat prehensile, is 

 used for grasping the leaves and 

 twigs on which it chiefly feeds. 

 Notwithstanding its great bulk, it 

 is agile, and usually makes off with 

 great speed when alarmed. 



The white rhinoceros is the 

 largest of all, and sometimes attains 

 a height of over six feet at the 

 shoulder. It lacks the pointed up- 

 per lip of the black species, and has 

 a tuft of hair at the tip of each ear. 

 The front horn is sometimes about 

 a yard long, the other being much 

 shorter. In occurs in the S. Sudan, 

 the Congo Free State, and S. of the 

 Zambezi river. It feeds entirely 

 upon grass, is usually found in 

 pairs, and is a very dangerous foe 

 if molested. See Animal ; Ice Age. 



chancellor's medal for English 

 verse, and became a master at 

 Haileybury College in 1865. From 

 1880-93 he was a house-master at 

 Sherborne. Rhoades wrote several 

 volumes of verse and the narrative 

 choruses for the pageant at Sher- 

 borne, and translated Virgil into 

 verse. He died Mar. 16, 1923. 



Rhode Island. State of the 

 U.S.A. One of the original thirteen, 

 it is the smallest of all, its area 

 being 1,248 sq. m., or only a little 

 larger than Gloucestershire ; of 

 this 180 sq. m. is covered with 

 water. The surface is fairly level 

 in the S., with plains and swamps 

 along the coast, but hilly, without 

 becoming mountainous, in the N. 

 and E. Narragansett Bay extends 

 inland for 30 m. and contains 

 several islands, from one of which 

 the state derives its name. There 

 are several summer resorts, in- 

 cluding Newport. A little farm- 

 ing is conducted, but the chief 

 industrial interests of Rhode Island 

 are its manufactures, especially 

 cottons, woollens, worsteds, and 

 jewelry; and dyeing, bleaching, 

 and calico printing occupy large 



