RHODES 



6594 



RHODESIA 



J. F. Rhodes, 



American historian 



History of the United States from 

 the Compromise of 1850 ; seven 

 volumes, carrying the story down 

 to 1877, ap- 

 peared 1893- 

 1906. Written 

 with marked 

 impartiality, it 

 is the best ac- 

 count of the 

 ev entful 

 period of the 

 civil war. In 

 1899 Rhodes 

 was president 

 of the American Historical Associa- 

 tion, and in 1913 he lectured at 

 Oxford. He also published His- 

 torical Essays, 1909. 



Rhodes, WILFRED (b. 1877). 

 English cricketer. Born at Kirk- 

 heaton, Yorkshire, Oct. 29, 1877. 

 he first played 

 for his county 

 in 1899, se- 

 curing his 

 place as a left- 

 handed slow 

 bowler. Alto- 

 gether he cap- 

 tured 3,201 

 wickets, a 

 record in first- Wilfred Rhodes, 

 class cricket, English cricketer 

 secured more than 200 wickets in a 

 season on three occasions, 1900-2, 

 and took 100 wickets and scored 

 1,000 runs twelve times. In 1909, 

 1911, and 1921 he scored 2,000 runs 

 in addition to taking 100 wickets. 

 He made 19 appearances in Eng- 

 land against Australia, and several 

 times toured in Australia. 



Rhodes TRUST. Trust estab- 

 lished under the will of Cecil 

 Rhodes, for the purpose of grant- 

 ing scholarships at the university 

 of Oxford to students from the 

 British Oversea Dominions, the 

 U.S.A., and, formerly, from Ger- 

 many. Following Rhodes's testa- 

 mentary instructions, the scholars 

 are selected with regard to (1) 

 literary and scholastic attainments, 

 (2) achievements in manly out- 

 door sports, (3) moral qualities, 

 and (4) exhibition of force of char- 

 acter, etc., in school days. 



The normal yearly value of the 

 Rhodes scholarships is 300, but in 

 1921 a bonus of 50 was added. 

 Under the will, 60 scholarships were 

 endowed for the British Empire, 

 two foreach state of the U.S.A.,and 

 five to be nominated by the Ger- 

 man Emperor from Germany. The 

 last named were withdrawn by 

 Act of Parliament during the Great 

 War. In 1923-24 the number of 

 scholars was 220, namely, 109 from 

 the British Empire and 111 from 

 the U.S.A. The London office of 

 the trustees is at Seymour House. 

 Waterloo Place, S.W. 



RHODESIA AND ITS RESOURCES 



P. Evans Lewin, Author, The Germans 

 and South Africa, and E. G. Harxner 



See in addition the articles Africa , South Africa ; Transvaal ; also 



British South Africa Co. Other useful entries are Mashonaland ; 



Matabeleland ; Zimbabwe; and those on Salisbury and other towns 



in Rhodesia. See also Rhodes, C. J. 



Rhodesia is a territory of British 

 South Africa. Until Oct. 1, 1923, it 

 was administered by the British 

 South Africa 

 Company. It is 

 called Rhodesia 

 after Cecil J. 

 Rhodes. It is 

 divided into two 

 administrative 

 provinces, S. 



Rhodesia arms 



Rhodesia, con- 

 t ainingMashona- 

 land and Matabeleland, with an area 

 of 148,575 sq. m., andN. Rhodesia, 

 the territory lying N. of the river 

 Zambezi, with an estimated area of 

 291,000 sq. m. Rhodesia is bounded 

 on the N. by the Belgian Congo ; on 

 the N.E. by Tanganyika Territory ; 

 on the E. by the Nyasaland Protec- 

 torate and Portuguese E. Africa; 

 on the S. by the Transvaal ; and on 

 the W. by the Bechuanaland Pro- 

 tectorate, a portion of the S.W. 

 Africa Protectorate, known as 

 the Caprivi strip, and by Portu- 

 guese W. Africa, or Angola. 

 Climate and Topography 



The whole of Rhodesia is tropi- 

 cal, but has a considerable alt., so 

 that generally the climate is healthy 

 and agreeable. S. Rhodesia, be- 

 tween the rivers Limpopo and 

 Zambezi, mainly consists of one 

 high plateau at an alt. between 

 3,500 and 6,000 ft. N. Rhodesia, in 

 the main, represents the S. portion 

 of the plateau between the Zam- 

 bezi and the Congo, but is cut by 

 the deep trough of the Luangwa. 

 Farther W. the Kafue river and its 

 tributaries form a series of valleys 

 between the Zambezi proper and 

 the Luangwa. In the extreme 

 N.E. is the Tanganyika plateau, 

 and to the W. of this section, 

 around lakes Mweru and Bang- 

 weulu, lies a tract of territory shut 

 off from the rest of Rhodesia by a 

 S.E. extension of Belgian territory. 

 The effect of the alternation 

 between comparatively high pla- 

 teaux and river valleys is that 

 the climate of Rhodesia varies 

 in different districts. In the 

 valleys and lowlands the condi- 

 tions are wholly dissimilar from 

 those in the higher portions suit- 

 able for European colonisation, 

 which are at an alt. above 3,500 ft. 



Rhodesia possesses an extensive 

 system of navigable waterways, at 

 present wholly undeveloped. The 

 great rivers are navigable over 

 certain portions throughout the 

 year and over other sections during 



certain seasons only. These sections 

 are broken by rapids, which impede 

 navigation, or divide the navigable 

 areas into distinct portions. 



Rhodesia is possessed of vast 

 mineral and agricultural resources. 

 The gold mines of Mashonaland 

 were probably worked by the 

 ancients. Ruins, as the Great 

 Zimbabwe and the M'Tondele and 

 Mazoe ruins, testify to the pre- 

 sence of a people engaged in mining 

 operations. The gold belts now 

 worked cover a large area, chiefly 

 around Bulawayo, Gwanda, 

 Selukwe, Hartley, Mazoe, Victoria, 

 Lomagunda ; and Umtali in the 

 Manicaland district. In 1915 

 Rhodesia ranked as the sixth 

 gold-producing area in the world. 



Other minerals, silver, lead, 

 copper, wolfram, asbestos, and 

 diamonds are worked, as well as 

 coal and iron-ore. In the Wankie 

 coalfield Rhodesia possesses one 

 of the greatest coal regions of the 

 world, containing coal of an ex- 

 ceptionally high quality. The 

 deposits of chrome iron-ore around 

 Selukwe yield about one-half of the 

 world's consumption. 



Although much has been done to 

 develop agriculture, compared with 

 the size of the country the agricul- 

 tural output is small. At present 

 it -is mainly confined to districts 

 within easy reach of rlys. The 

 agricultural products include 

 maize, and the staple crops of 

 S. Rhodesia are tobacco, fruits, 

 especially citrus fruits, and dif- 

 ferent native cereals, as Kaffir 

 corn. The chief grain centres 

 are in the neighbourhood of Salis- 

 bury, notably on the Gwebi flats 

 and in the Mazoe valley, and 

 around Victoria, and in the vicinity 

 of the Kafue. Stock-raising is 

 carried on in the great cattle 

 country of Matabeleland and in 

 Mashonaland. 



Rhodesia in the main depends 

 upon rlys. for its communication 

 with the outside world. The chief 

 outlets are via the rly. traversing 

 the country from N. to S. from the 

 borders of the Belgian Congo where 

 it has been extended N. to Bukama, 

 through Livingstone and Bulawayo, 

 where it joins the main system to 

 the S. ; and via the Mashonaland- 

 Beira rly. with its seaport at Beira 

 in Portuguese E. Africa. The 

 latter rly. runs from Salisbury 

 through Umtali to the coast. The 

 former city is connected with Bula- 

 wayo, through Gwelo, and there is, 



