RICERCARE 



and drooping clusters of greenish 

 flowers. The thick cylinder of 

 white pith from the stems is 

 rotated against the edge of a long 

 knife, which shaves it into an 

 even sheet to form rice paper (q.v. ). 



Ricercare (Ital., to search out). 

 Seventeenth century name for a 

 piece of music wherein the in- 

 herent possibilities of the theme in 

 the way of ingenious and learned 

 device were exploited to the full. 



Rich. English titled family. It 

 was founded by Richard, 1st 

 Baron Rich (c. 1496-1 567), of Leez 

 or Lees, now Leighs, Essex, whose 

 grandson, Robert (d. 1619), was 

 1st earl of Warwick of the 1618 

 creation. Of Robert's two sons, 

 Robert (1587-1658), the 2nd earl, 

 was for a time lord high admiral, 

 while his second son, Henry (1590- 

 1649), knighted 1610 and created 

 Baron Kensington, 1623, and earl 

 of Holland, 1624, was beheaded, 

 March 9, 1649. Charles (d. 1673), 

 2nd son of the 2nd earl, married 

 Mary (1625-78), daughter of 

 Richard Boyle, 1st earl of Cork, 

 and became 4th earl of Warwick. 

 Robert (d. 1658), the only son of 

 the 3rd earl, Charles's elder brother, 

 Robert (d. 1659), married Frances 

 Cromwell, 4th and youngest 

 daughter of the Protector. Robert, 

 the 5th earl of Warwick, and the 

 last Rich of Lees, was son of Henry, 

 earl of Holland. See Warwick, 

 Earls of ; consult also Mary Rich, 

 Countess of Warwick, Her Family 

 and Friends, C. F. Smith, 1901. 



Rich, CHRISTOPHER (d. 1714). 

 English theatrical manager. At 

 one time Drury Lane, the Dorset 

 Theatre, and The Haymarket, in 

 London, were under his control. 

 His son John (c. 1682-1761) in 

 1714 opened the theatre in Lin- 

 coln's Inn, and founded the Beef- 

 steak Society. He died Nov. 26, 

 1761. 



Rich, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787- 

 1821). British Orientalist and 

 traveller. Born at Dijon, March 28, 

 1787, and educated at Bristol, he 

 entered the service of the East 

 India Company, whose resident he 

 was at Bagdad. He died of cholera, 

 at Shiraz, Oct. 5, 1821. Hia 

 Oriental collections were acquired 

 by the British Museum. 



Rich, PENELOPE DEVEREUX, 

 LADY (c. 1562-1607). Daughter of 

 Walter Devereux, 1st earl of Essex, 

 her mother was a daughter of Sir 

 Francis Knowles and cousin of 

 Queen Elizabeth. It was the earl's 

 last wish that she should marry Sir 

 Philip Sidney. In 1581, however, 

 she married Robert, 3rd Baron 

 Rich, who in 1618 became 1st earl 

 of Warwick. The Stella of Sidney's 

 sonnet sequence, Astrophel and 

 Stella, after Sidney's death she 



6604 



Penelope Lady Rich 



From a supposed por- 

 trait in Lambeth Palace 



Rice-paper Plant. Head of leaves 

 and, inset, flower spray 



lived with Charles Blount, 8th 

 Baron Mountjoy, who was created 

 earl of Devonshire in 1603 and 

 married her in 

 1605 after her 

 husband had 

 divorced her. 

 Her brother 

 Robert, 2nd 

 earl of Essex, 

 married Sir 

 Philip Sid- 

 ney's widow. 

 Florio's trans- 

 lation of Mon- 

 t a i g n e was 

 dedicated to her. See Sir P. Sid- 

 ney's Astrophel and Stella, A. W. 

 Pollard, 1888; Penelope Rich and 

 Her Circle, M. S. Rawson, 1911. 



Rich, SIR RICHARD RICHE, IST 

 BARON (c. 1496-1567). English 

 statesman. After study at the 

 Middle Temple, he became M.P. for 

 Colchester, 1529, solicitor-general, 

 1533, was knighted in 1533, and 

 appointed speaker, 1536. Raised 

 to the peerage as Baron Rich of 

 Leez, Essex, in 1546, he was 

 lord chancellor, 1548-51, amassed 

 wealth from monastic spoils, built, 

 at Little Leighs, a mansion of 

 which the fine gateway and a few 

 other remains exist, and in 1564 

 founded Felsted grammar school. 

 He died at Rochford, June 12, 

 1567, and was buried at Felsted. 

 See Felsted School ; consult also 

 History of Felsted School, J. 

 Sargeaunt. 



Rich, SIR ROBERT (1685-1768). 

 English soldier. Born July 3, 1685, 

 second son of Sir Robert Rich, 3rd 

 bart.,he served under Marlborough, 

 fought at Dettingen, and secured 

 the baton of field-marshal in 1757. 

 He was M.P. for Dunwich, 1715- 

 22, Beeralston, 1724, and St. 

 Ives, 1727-41. His son Robert 

 (1714-85), 5th bart., was also a 

 soldier. On his death at Bath, 

 May 19, 1785, the title expired. 



Richard. Masculine Christian 

 name. Of Teutonic origin, it means 

 stern or hard in ruling. It has long 

 been popular in England and 



Richard I, 

 King of England 



RICHARD I 



France, and in the form Ricchard 

 was used by the Anglo-Saxons be- 

 fore the Norman Conquest. 



Richard I (1157-99). /King 

 of England. The third son of 

 Henry II, he was born Sept. 8, 

 1157, and be- 

 came popularly 

 known as Coeur 

 d e Lion, the 

 Lion Heart. In 

 1170 he was 

 given the duke- 

 dom of Aqui- 

 t a i n e by his 

 father. He and 

 his equally 

 turbulent bro- 

 thers, Henry 

 and Geoffrey, quarrelled ceaselessly 

 with each other and ,with their 

 father; in 1189, Richard was 

 again at war with his father, 

 when the old king died and 

 Richard himself became king of 

 England. He threw himself with 

 ardour into the crusade which was 

 being organized, and passed only 

 six months of his reign in England. 



The dissensions and jealousies 

 among the crusading princes and 

 nobles were intensified when 

 Richard joined them in Palestine 

 at Acre in June, 1191, though the 

 capture of the fortress, in July, 

 was mainly due to him. Richard 

 made half the princes permanently 

 his enemies ; in spite of brilliant 

 feats of arms, Richard found the 

 conquest of Palestine was impos- 

 sible, and in Sept., 1192, made a 

 three years' truce with Saladin. 



On his way home, in order to 

 avoid passing through France, he 

 tried, in the guise of a simple 

 knight, to slip through the territory 

 of his enemy, Leopold, duke of 

 Austria. But he was discovered, 

 captured, and handed over to the 

 emperor, Henry VI, who held him 

 a prisoner. In spite of the machina- 

 tions of his brother John, he 

 was released on the payment of a 

 huge ransom and returned to 

 England in March, 1194. He 

 magnanimously forgave John, but 

 almost immediately left England 

 once more in charge of the justi- 

 ciar, Hubert Walter, while he be- 

 took himself to Aquitaine, and 

 sought to form a great coalition 

 against the French king. In the 

 midst of his larger schemes, how- 

 ever, .he was stirred to anger 

 against a refractory vassal whom 

 he attacked, and was mortally 

 wounded while besieging the castle 

 of Chaluz, April 6, 1199. See 

 Armour ; Berengaria ; Crusades ; 

 consult also England under the 

 Angevin Kings, K. Norgate, 1887 , 

 The Crusade of Richard I, T. A 

 Archer, 1888; The Angevin Em 

 pire, J. H. Ramsay, 1903. 



