RICHMOND 



66O9 



RICHMOND PARK 



of its chief manufactures, and has 

 important ironworks, machine 

 shops, and rly. plant works. It has 

 flour mills and manufactories of 

 wagons, carriages, lumber pro- 

 ducts, trunks, bags, and boxes. 

 Founded in 1733, Richmond was 

 incorporated in 1742 and became a 

 city in 1782. It has been the state 

 capital since 1779. For four years, 

 1861-65, Richmond was the head- 

 quarters of the Confederacy. Many 

 battles were fought by the Federal 

 forces for its possession, and on 

 April 2, 1865, it was evacuated 

 after the commercial quarters had 

 been damaged by fire. Pop. 171,000. 

 Richmond. Suburb of Mel- 

 bourne. It is a residential manu- 

 facturing district. Pop. 41,000. See 

 Melbourne. 



Richmond. Township of New 

 South Wales. On the Hawkesbury 

 river and 38 m. by rly. from 

 Sydney, it is the centre of a grain 

 and fruit growing dist. Pop. 1,700. 

 Richmond, GEORGE (1809-96). 

 British painter. Born at Bromp- 

 ton, London, March 28, 1809, he 

 studied under 

 Fuseli at the 

 R.A. schools. 

 In his early 

 career he was 

 greatly influ- 

 enced by Wil- 

 1 i a m Blake. 

 He became 

 A.R.A. in 1857 

 and R.A. in 

 1867. His 

 portraits in- 

 cluded those of 

 William Wilberforce, then bishop 

 of Oxford, 1868, the archbishop 

 of Canterbury, 1880, and other 

 eminent ecclesiastics; he also 

 modelled a bust of Dr. Pusey, 1882. 

 He died at Portman Square, Lon- 

 don, March 19, 1896. The National 

 Portrait Gallery possesses several 

 of his works. See Dalhousie, Mar- 

 quess of ; Head, Sir E. ; Keble, J. ; 

 Liddell, H. G. ; Norton, 1st Baron ; 

 Palgrave, Sir F. 



Richmond, SIB WILLIAM BLAKE 

 (1843-1921). British painter. 

 Born in London, son of George 

 Richmond 

 ( q. v. ) , he 

 studied at the 

 R.A. schools. 

 Known as a 

 painter of 

 portraits and 

 historical sub- 

 jects, he be- 

 came s p e- 

 cially promi- 

 nent in the 

 public mind 

 in connexion wi th the decoration of 

 the inner dome of S. Paul's with 

 mosaics. He was Slade professor 





Sir W. B. Richmond. 

 British painter 



Kuttell 



5th Duke of Rich- 

 mond and Gordon 



After B. Wilkint 



at ' Oxford, 1878-83 ; became 

 A.R.A. in 1888 and R.A. in 1895 ; 

 and was created a knight in 1897. 

 His minor activities included a 

 vigorous and partially successful 

 crusade against the smoke nuisance 

 in London ; and the direction and 

 championship of the arts and 

 crafts movement in Hammersmith. 

 He travelled extensively in Italy 

 and the East. He died Feb. 11, 

 1921. See Nightingale, Florence. 



Richmond and Gordon, DUKE 

 OP. Title held by the family of 

 Gordon-Lennox. Charles Lennox, 

 natural son of 

 Charles II by 

 Louise de Ke"- 

 roualle, was 

 made duke of 

 Richmond in 

 the English 

 peerage and 

 duke of Len- 

 nox in the 

 Scottish peer- 

 age in 1675. 

 His son 

 Charles, 2nd duke, was lord high 

 constable of England at the coro- 

 nation of George II, inherited the 

 French dukedom of Aubigny, 1734, 

 and died 1750. Charles, 4th duke, 

 was lord - lieutenant of Ireland. 

 1807-13, and 

 governor - gen- 

 eral of Canada 

 from 1818-19. 

 Charles, 5th 

 duke, 1791- 

 1860, assumed 

 the additional 

 surname of 

 Gordon. He 

 was succeeded 

 by Charles 

 Henry, 6th 

 duke (q.v.), who received the 

 U.K. dukedom of Gordon, 1876. 

 His son, Charles Henry, 7th duke, 

 was Conservative M.P. for Sussex, 

 1869-88. The seats of the dukes 

 are at Goodwood, Sussex, and 

 Gordon Castle, Fochabers, Banff- 

 shire. See Goodwood. 



Richmond and Gordon, 

 CHARLES HENRY, 6TH DUKE OF 

 (1818-1903). British statesman. 

 Born in London, Feb. 27, 1818, he 

 was educated at Westminster 

 and Christ Church, Oxford, and 

 entered the army in 1839. He be- 

 came Conser- 

 vative mem- 

 ber for W. 

 Sussex in 

 1841, and sat 

 till 1860, when 

 he succeeded 

 to the duke- 

 dom. . He be- 



7th Duke of Rich- 

 mond and Gordon 



Rustcll 



1867, and was leader of the Con- 

 servative party in the House of 

 Lords, 1867-76 Lord president of 

 the council, 1874-80, he was again 

 at the board of trade and secretary 

 for Scotland, 1885. He died at 

 Fochabers, Sept. 27, 1903. 



Richmond and Lennox, FRAN- 

 CES TERESA STUART, DUCUESS OF 

 (1648-1702). Mistress of Charles II. 

 Born July 8, 1648, she was edu- 

 cated in France, and, coming to 

 England as a maid of honour to 

 Catherine of Braganza, soon won 

 the king's heart by her beauty. 

 Charles's favourite from 1663-67, 

 she made a runaway match in 

 the latter year with the duke 

 of Richmond and Lennox, but re- 

 turned to court in 1668. She 

 remained at court during the 

 reign of James II, and died Oct. 

 15, 1702. Her wax effigy, in the 

 robes she wore at Anne's corona - 



8th Duke of Rich- 

 m ond and Gordon, 

 board of trade, British statesman 



H 



dent of the 



Frances Teresa, Duchess of Rich- 

 mond and Lennox 



Afler Sir Peter Lei y 



tion, is preserved in Westminster 

 Abbey, where she was buried. Her 

 beauty inspired artists and poets, 

 and she was the model for the 

 figure of Britannia on British 

 copper coins. See Britannia. 



Richmond Murder. Cele- 

 brated British crime. The murder 

 was committed by Kate Webster, 

 an Irish servant of an old lady 

 named Mrs. Thomas, who lived at 

 Richmond, Surrey. Webster killed 

 her mistress with a meat chopper. 

 Afterwards she dismembered the 

 body and threw fragments into the 

 Thames in a box, and the discovery 

 of this box brought to light the 

 crime. Crimes of dismemberment 

 are rare in Great Britain, and the 

 murder created an unusual sensa- 

 tion. Kate Webster was tried and 

 executed in 1879. 



Richmond Park. Royal de- 

 mesne of 2,250 acres, in the co. of 

 Surrey, England. It is bounded 



