RICHTER 



66 1 O 



RICHTHOFEN 



Richmond Park. Plan of the royal deer park in Surrey 



Bated uponthe Ordnance Survey map, with sanction of the Controller of BM.StationeryOffice 



N. by Richmond, by Pesthouse, 

 Sheen, and Palewell commons, and 

 by Mortlake ; S. by Kingston and 

 Coombe ; W. by Petersham and 

 Ham commons and Sudbrook 

 Park ; E. by Kingston Hill, King- 

 ston Vale, and Roehampton Vale. 

 One of the most beautiful and popu- 

 lar parks near London, notable for 

 its oaks, chestnuts, and birches, 

 and undulating surface, it is 

 stocked with red and fallow deer, 

 and has two fine sheets, of water, 

 Pen Ponds, -formed in the time of 

 George II, and stocked with fish 

 and water fowl. It contains White 

 Lodge, the early home of Queen 

 Mary and the birthplace of Ed- 

 ward, prince of Wales ; Pembroke 

 Lodge, Sheen Lodge, and the 

 Thatched House Lodge. There is 

 a public golf course, opened in 

 1923. 



Once known as Sheene Chase, 

 Richmond Park was enclosed in 

 1637 by Charles I, for hunting 

 purposes. In 1649 the park was 

 granted to the City of London, but 

 it reverted to the crown at the 

 Restoration. In 1758 the public 

 right of footway between Rich- 

 mond, Wimbledon, East Sheen, 

 and Kingston was maintained in 

 the law courts by a Richmond 

 brewer named John Lewis. Of the 

 rangers, the 2nd earl of Portland 

 was the first, Sir Robert Walpole 

 the fourth, and the 2nd duke 

 of Cambridge the 12th. Many im- 

 provements were made later. 



Richter, HANS (1843-1916). 

 Austrian orchestral conductor. 

 Born at Raab, Hungary, April 4, 

 1843, he became a successful 

 orchestral horn-player and made 

 the acquaintance of Wagner, who 

 helped him to become chorus- 

 master at the Munich opera, 1868. 

 He conducted the first performance 

 of Lohengrin at Brussels, 1870, and 

 of The Ring of the Nibelungen at 

 Baireuth, 



1876, and ac- 

 compani ed 

 Wagner to 

 London in 



1877. From 

 1875-97 he 

 conducted 

 chiefly in 

 Vienna, but 

 frequently i n 

 England as 



from 1897-1911 was 



ilans Richter, 

 Austrian conductor 



well, and 

 conductor of the Halle Orchestra, 

 Manchester. His strong person- 

 ality and wide technical knowledge 

 made him the greatest conductor 

 of his day, and his friendship with 

 Wagner made him an acknow- 

 ledged authority on problems of 

 Wagnerian production and inter- 

 pretation. He died at Baireuth, 

 Dec. 5, 1916. 



Richter, JOHANN PAUL FRIE- 

 DRICH (1763-1825). German au- 

 thor and humorist, often spoken 

 of as Jean Paul. He was born 

 March 21, 1763, at Wunsiedel, 

 Bavaria. After studying theology 



German author 



at Leipzig, he determined to turn 

 to literature, but at first found 

 writing easier than publishing. At 

 the age of 

 twenty his 

 Gronlandische 

 Prozesse (The 

 Greenland 

 Law Suit) was 

 issued by a 

 Berlin pub- 

 lisher, but was 

 a failure. His 

 second publi- Jonann Paul ' 

 cation, Aus- 

 wahl aus des 

 Teufels Papieren (Extracts from 

 the Devil's Papers), 1789, had 

 little more success than the first, 

 but in 1793, with his Die Unsicht- 

 bare Loge (The Invisible Opera 

 Box), he won a first success ; and 

 Hesperus, 1795, made him famous. 

 Henceforth Richter was recog- 

 nized as one of Germany's leading 

 authors, and when he visited Wei- 

 mar in 1796, and again in 1799, 

 he was enthusiastically received. 

 Other of his earlier works included 

 Quintus Fixlein, 1796, translated 

 into English by T. Carlyle in Ger- 

 man Romance, 1827 ; Blumen, 

 Frucht und Dornenstiicke, 1796- 

 97 (Flower, Fruit and Thorn 

 Pieces), translated into English by 

 A. Ewing, 1892 ; and Das Kam- 

 paner Thai (The Campanian Vale), 

 a discussion on immortality, 1797. 

 In 1800 he visited Berlin, and 

 there in the following year he 

 married Caroline Meyer. In 1804 

 they settled at Baireuth. His later 

 works included Titan, 1800-3, 

 translated into English by C. T. 

 Brooks, 1863, a romance which 

 some critics, as did the author, 

 regard as his greatest work ; Fle- 

 geljahre (Wild Oats), 1804-5, 

 new ed. 1901 ; Levana, oder 

 Erziehungslehre fur Tochter, 1807 

 (translated into English, Levana, 

 or the Doctrine of Education for 

 Girls, new ed. 1901); and Sch- 

 melzle's Reise, 1809 (Schmelzle's 

 Journey, translated by T. Carlyle 

 in German Romance, 1827). He 

 died at Baireuth, Nov. 14, 1825. 

 One of the greatest of German 

 writers, his work was not without 

 influence on Carlyle's style. Rich- 

 ter's works were first collected in 

 65 vols., 1826-38. See Life of 

 Richter, E. Lee, 1842 ; Jean 

 Paul, Sein Leben, Seine Werke, P. 

 Nerrlich, 1889 ; Humour and 

 Humorists, P. Stapfer, 1911. 



Richthofen, BARON VON (1888- 

 1918). German airman. Formerly 

 in the cavalry, he joined the air 

 force, and during the Great War 

 became the most famous airman 

 in the German service. He first 

 came into prominence in Feb., 

 1917, when, as a lieutenant, he was 



