RIDING 



least as good a horseman, rides 

 with a different seat on an entirely 

 different kind of saddle. The Red 

 Indian, who rides barebacked, sits 

 right forward on the withers, with 

 the knees much bent when going 

 at speed, in an attitude much like 

 that adopted by the American 

 jockey, Tod Sloan. In England one 

 will best conform to the national 

 school of riding by carefully ob- 

 serving the old jingle : " Your 

 head and your heart keep up. 

 Your hands and your heels keep 

 down. Your knees keep close to 

 your horse's sides, and your elbows 

 close to your own." 



The recognized paces of the 

 horse are the walk, the trot, the 

 canter, and the gallop. The trot is 

 the natural pace as an alternative 

 to the walk, and the acquirement 

 of a good seat when trotting is the 

 first object of the tyro horseman. 

 The canter is of all paces the easiest 

 to sit, and most delightful to the 

 rider ; unfortunately it is injurious 

 to the horse, inasmuch as the 

 weight comes constantly on the 

 same leg, and is on that account to 

 be deprecated. Certain communi- 

 ties which spend much of their 

 time in the saddle have succeeded 

 in cultivating a modification of the 

 canter, a " lope," in which this 

 disability is remedied. 



Riding has been divided into 

 numerous heads, which vary with 

 the judgement of the individual. 

 Ordinarily the following classifica- 

 tion is adequate. 1. Hacking, i.e. 

 ordinary riding on the Row or 

 along the road or over the downs, 

 with no particular object but 

 merely for the sake of being on 

 horseback. 2. Hunting, i.e. riding 

 across country to hounds, which 

 makes the highest demands on the 

 skill, nerve, and judgement of the 

 horseman. 3. Military riding, under 

 which rough riding may certainly 

 be included ; this comprises all 

 the horsemanship required by 

 ordinary military duties, as well 

 as the ability to ride across any 

 kind of practicable country at 

 speed. It has become fashionable 

 for ladies to forsake the old side 

 saddle for riding straddle legs like 

 men. It is assuredly no safer, and 

 it is certainly not so elegant. 



C. E. Benson 



Bibliography. Riding and Hunt- 

 ing, M. H. Hayes, 1901 ; The 

 Common Sense of Riding : Riding 

 for Ladies, N. P. O'Donoghue, 

 new ed. 1905 ; Riding and Driving, 

 E. L. Anderson and P. Collier, 1905 ; 

 Riding, R. Weir, new ed. 1905 ; 

 Polo, J. M. Brown, 1905 ; Modern 

 Riding, J. F. N. Birch, 1909 ; 

 Breaking and Riding, J. Fillis, Eng. 

 trans. M. H. Hayes, 2nd ed. 1911 ; 

 The Complete Horseman, W. S. 

 Dixon, 1913. 



66 1 4 



'Riding. Literally, the third part, 

 a corruption of thriding. Of Scandi- 

 navian origin, the word was brought 

 by the Danes into England, and 

 just before and after the Norman 

 Conquest a number of counties were 

 divided into ridings with riding 

 courts. To-day the division still 

 persists in the county of York, 

 which is divided into three ridings, 

 East, North, West. Each is an 

 administrative county with its own 

 lord-lieutenant and county council. 

 The county of Cork is divided into 

 two ridings, east and west. See. 

 Yorkshire. 



Ridley, MATTHEW WHITE RIDLEY, 

 IST VISCOUNT (1842-1904). Brit- 

 ish politician. Born in London, 

 July 25, 1842, 

 he belonged to 

 an old North- 

 umberland 

 family, his 

 father being 

 S i r Matthew 

 White Ridley 

 of B 1 a g d o n 

 Hall, possessor 

 of a baronetcy 



I da ting from 

 1756. He was 

 educated at 

 Harrow and Balliol College, Oxford, 

 doing remarkably well at both and 

 winning a fellowship at All Souls. 

 In 1868 he entered Parliament as a 

 Conservative, and from 1878 to 1880 

 was under-secretary to the home 

 office, and in 1885 financial secre- 

 tary to the treasury. He lost his 

 seat in Northumberland in 1885, 

 and represented the Blackpool 

 division, 1887-1900. In 1895, 

 having just failed to secure election 

 as speaker, he was made home 

 secretary. He retired and was made 

 a viscount in 1900, dying at Blag- 

 don, Nov. 28, 1904. Ridleydidmuch 

 to develop the port of Blyth, where 

 he owned land and coal mines. His 

 son, Matthew White Ridley (1874- 

 1 916),who became the 2nd viscount, 

 was Unionist M.P for Stalybridge, 

 1900-4, and a prominent tariff 

 reformer. 



Ridley, NICHOLAS (c. 1500-55). 

 English prelate. Born in North- 

 umberland, and educated at Pem- 

 broke Hall, 

 Cambridge, he 

 soon became 

 prominent as 

 a reformer. In 

 1537 he was ap- 

 pointed chap- 

 lain to Arch- 

 bishop Cran- 

 mer, chaplain 

 to Henry VIII 

 and canon of 

 Canterbury, 1541, canon of West- 

 minster, 1545, bishop of Rochester, 

 1547, and bishop of London, 1550, in 



Nicholas Ridley, 

 English prelate 



succession to Bonner. In addition 

 he held two country livings, and 

 was one of the bishops who pre- 

 pared the first prayer book of 1548. 

 The foundation of S. Thomas's 

 Hospital and of Bethlem (Bedlam) 

 Hospital was due to his initiative. 

 When Edward VI died he sided 

 with Lady Jane Grey, and was 

 committed to the Tower by Mary 

 at her accession. In 1554 he was 

 condemned for heresy, and, with 

 Latimer, was burnt at Oxford. 

 Oct. 16, 1555. 



Riego y Nunez, RAFAEL DEL 

 (1785-1823). Spanish soldier. 

 Born in Asturias, he early showed 

 a patriotic spirit, and joined the 

 forces which were fighting against 

 France. He was, however, soon 

 taken prisoner and spent some 

 years in captivity. He returned 

 at the peace of 1815, and was the 

 leader of the insurrection of 1820, 

 after which he held high positions 

 in the state, being president of the 

 Cortes in 1823. In the same year he 

 was again taken prisoner by the 

 French, handed over to the royal- 

 ists, and executed at Madrid, Nov. 

 7, 1823. The hymn of Riego is one 

 of the most popular of Spanish 

 songs, especially among republicans 

 and revolutionaries. 



Rieka. Yugo-Slav name for the 

 seaport of Fiume (q.v.). 



Riel, Louis (1844-85). Cana- 

 dian rebel. Born at St. Boniface, 

 Quebec, Oct. 23, 1844, the son of 

 another Louis 

 Riel, he had 

 Indian blood 

 in him. After 

 spending a 

 year or two in 

 the U.S.A., h9 

 returned to 

 Canada in 

 1868, and 

 came to the 

 front as the 

 leader of those who disliked the 

 transference of the Hudson Bay 

 territories to the new Dominion. 

 The malcontents, having seized 

 Fort Garry, called a convention 

 and chose Riel as president of the 

 government they set up. By them 

 an Orangeman, Thomas Scott, 

 was put to death, and then fol- 

 lowed the Red River Expedition, 

 under Wolseley, 1870, that crushed 

 the movement. 



Riel escaped, and in 1873 was 

 elected a member of the Dominion 

 Parliament. He was expelled, again 

 elected, and then outlawed, after 

 which he passed some time in retire- 

 ment, due in part to his mental 

 condition. In 1885, however, he 

 was asked by the half-breeds to 

 champion their cause ; a rebellion 

 ensued, and, that having been 

 crushed, Riel surrendered. He was 



Louis Riel, 

 Canadian rebel 



